316, 317 LMN, 254 SMO, 904L Steels

Steel name: 316, 317 LMN, 254 SMO, 904L
Diagram No.: 5183
Type of diagram: TTT
AISI/SAE designation: 316, 317 LMN, 254 SMO, 904L
Chemical composition in weight %:
316 steel: 0.03, 16.0–18.0% Cr, 2.00–3.00% Mo, 10.0–14.0% Ni, 0.10% N
LMN steel: 0.03% C, 17% Cr, 4.5% Mo, 14% Ni, 0.15% N
SMO steel: 0.03% C, 20% Cr, 6% Mo, 18% Ni, 0.20% N
L steel: 0.02% C, 20% Cr, 4.55% Mo, 25% Ni
Steel group: Austenitic stainless steels
Note: TTT diagram for several commercial austenitic stainless steels with different molybdenum and nitrogen contents.
As chromium and molybdenum increase to very high levels in the most highly alloyed HPASS, intermetallic phases form at even shorter times. Nitrogen additions are helpful, but even very high nitrogen contents of 0.20-0.50% N are not able to shift the onset of precipitation to times in the desired range of ten minutes or more. Figure shows representative TTT curves of several alloys to illustrate this point. Type 317 LMN, (17% Cr, 14% Ni, 4.5% Mo, 0.15% N) forms secondary phases in about the same time as 316 despite its higher alloy content, due to the effect of nitrogen. Alloy 254 SMO (20% Cr, 18% Ni, 6% Mo, 0.20% N), begins to suffer precipitation in about 30 seconds, and alloy 904L (20% Cr, 25% Ni, 4.55% Mo, no nitrogen addition) suffers intermetallic phase formation in less than one minute. Clearly, alloys of this kind require limitations on section size or drastic cooling to avoid secondary phase formation.
Reference: Not shown in this demo version.
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