X5CrNi18-9 Steel

Steel name: X5CrNi18-9
Diagram No.: 5128
Type of diagram: TTP
DIN designation: X5CrNi18-9
Mat. No. (Wr. Nr.) designation: 1.4301
Chemical composition in weight %: max. 0.07% C, max. 1.00% Si, max. 2.00% Mn, max. 0.045% P, max. 0.015% S, 17.00-19.50% Cr, 8.00-10.50% Ni, max. 0.11% N
Steel group: Austenitic stainless steels
Note: Despite the considerable differences in the chemical compositions of these steels, the precipitation processes occurring in austenitic chromium-nickel steels show great similarities. The most important precipitate phase is the face-centred cubic chromium carbide M23C6. It occurs in almost all austenitic steels as a stable, or at least metastable precipitate.
Fig. shows the time-temperature-precipitation diagram of the steel X5CrNi18-9. The precipitation always starts on the grain boundaries, the form of the M23C6 precipitates depending to a large extent on the heat treatment. On slow cooling from high temperatures, M23C6 precipitates as a rule in the form of dendritic particles. Heat treating at 800 °C or above often leads to the formation of single particles with simple geometrical forms on and near the grain boundaries. Precipitation treatments at temperatures below 800 °C lead to the formation of mostly triangular, plate-shaped particles on the grain boundaries. After relatively short times the grain boundaries show a high density of these particles. This precipitation begins on the normal grain boundaries. Later the incoherent twin boundaries and finally the coherent twin boundaries are also occupied. Grain boundary precipitates of M23C6 formed below 800 °C lead to a marked chromium depletion in the region of the grain boundary and hence an increased sensitivity to intergranular corrosion.
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Time-temperature-precipitation diagram of the steel X5CrNi18-9. Click the image to enlarge the diagram.

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