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Sapphire - Al₂O₃

Classification: Oxide
Atomic numbers: 13 & 8
Atomic weight: 102
Melting point (C): 1800
Boiling point (C): 2250
Density (g/cm3): 3.99
Thermal conductance (cal/sec/cm/C) at 25 C: 0.086
Dieletric constant (e=): 7.5-10.5
Atomic spacing (A): a: 4.748, c: 12.99
Transmission: Visible light: excellent, infrared: 50-85 %, ultaviolet: 50-80 %.
Refractive index (n=): 1.769-1.759
Hardness (Mosh-scratch): 9
Hardness (Vickers-kgf/mm2): 1570-1800
Crystal structure: Hexagonal-normal: (10T0) prism
Color (solid): Colorless/red/blue
Cleavage: Basal: (0001)