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Pipe - Ingot defects


Figure 1: This 2 3/4-in.-diam bar of high-carbon, high-chromium steel shows the appearance of a center void known as pipe. This defect is caused by shrinkage which occurs during solidification of the ingot. The use of defective steel, such as the pipe and forge burst illustrated, leads to premature tool failure.

Defect name: Pipe
Record No.: 2862
Type of defect (Internal/Surface): Internal
Defect classification: Ingot defects
Steel name: Tool steel
Steel composition in weight %: No data.
Note:  No data.
Reference: Not shown in this demonstration version.