Alphabetical Index

13/3-in.-diam gage - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
316 Stainless steel crept in air at 685 °C - Fractography
316 Stainless steel crept in air at 770 °C - Fractography
316 Stainless steel crept in air at 800 °C - Fractography
316L Stainless steel crept in air at 800 °C - Fractography
4-stages of bearing failure - Bearing defects
4.7 t ingot made of 18Kh2N4VA steel - Ingot defects
4375 part failed due to over-austenitization - Fractography
700 F embrittlement in mod. 329 duplex stainless steel after 1000 h - Fractography
A carbon-rich centerline - Rolling defects
A clean break indicates a sudden shockload failure - Gear defects - Other defects
A comparison of two stainless mold steels with similar chemical compositions - Polishing defects
A crack in the shroud of a low pressure steam turbine - Other defects
A die break down - Tool steel defects
A failed hydraulic cylinder - Welding defects
A hydrogen-induced root crack - Welding defects
A large silicate inclusion that caused the defect - Tool steel defects
A longitudinal groove on the internal surface along the top of the tub - Corrosion defects
A massive longitudinal perforation - Corrosion defects
A nitrided punch - Tool steel defects
A quench crack - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
A rough substrate surface - Galvanizing - Coating defects
A summary of polishing sequences - Polishing defects
A surface crack - Rolling defects
A typical circumferential crack formed during the open-die forging - Ingot defects
A2 stamping die – broke due to unintentional carburization - Fractography
AISI 06 graphitic tool steel punch machined from centerless - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
AISI 4150 alloy steel - Brittle white-etching nitride surface layer - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
AISI D2 powder metallurgy die component that melted - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
AISI H13 mandrel that failed after 298 pushes, about 30% of its expected life - Fractography
AISI M2 roughing tool that cracked just after heat treatment - Heat treatmnet defects - Fractography
AISI Ol tool steel die that cracked during oil quenching - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
AISI Ol tool steel ring forging that cracked during quenching - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
AISI P20 mold made from prehardened stock that was carburized - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
AISI S5 tool steel hammer head that cracked during heat treatment - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
AISI S7 punch that had a low surface hardness - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
AISI W1 piston - Fractography
AISI W2 carbon tool steel component that cracked - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
AISI W2 cold heading die - Fractography
AISI Wl tool steel concrete roughers that failed after short service - Fractography
ASTM A 490 high-strength bolts - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
ASTM A 490 high-strength bolts - Fractography
ASTM E381 Standard method for rating macroetched steel
Abnormal nodulizing defect - Casting defects
Abrasion - Bearing defects
Abrasion - Coating defects
Abrasion - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Abrasion - Pipeline defects
Abrasion resistance too low - Powder coating - Coating defects
Abrasive (erosion) wear on the cutting edge of a fine blanking punch - Tool steel defects
Abrasive wear - Bearing defects
Abrasive wear - Bearing defects
Abrasive wear - Bearing defects
Abrasive wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Abrasive wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Abusive grinding - Machining defects
Abusive grinding - Tool steel defects
Abusive grinding practice - Machining defects
Accelerated wear - Bearing defects
Accident (curb hit) - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Accident (curb rash) - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Accident - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Acid attack along weld on internal surface - Corrosion defects
Acid corrosion - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Acid corrosion at weld - Corrosion defects
Acid corrosion at welds - Corrosion defects
Acid corrosion on the external surface of a fire tube - Corrosion defects
Acid corrosion on the internal surface of a wall tube - Corrosion defects
Acid rain - Paint defects - Coating defects
Acid salts corrosion - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Acidic corrosion - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Acorn milling cutters - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Activated charcoal filter - Wall section-Galvanic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Additional earthing for hollows - Powder coating - Coating defects
Adherent packing material - Classification of common casting defects - Casting defects
Adhering ash and flux residues - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Adhesion failure - Coating defects
Adhesion failure - Coating defects
Adhesion problems - Clearcoat - Paint defects - Coating defects
Adhesion problems - Polyester - Paint defects - Coating defects
Adhesion problems with plastics - Paint defects - Coating defects
Adhesion type wear of gear teeth - Gear defects - Other defects
Adhesive wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Air inclusions - Casting defects
Air wiping - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Aircraft component - Corrosion defects
Aligned porosity with crack - Welding defects
Alkali corrosion - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Alligatoring (crocodiling) - Coating defects
Alligatoring - 9Cr-1Mo steel - Rolling defects
Alligatoring - Coating defects
Alligatoring - Rolling defects
Alligatoring - Rolling defects
Alligatoring in a rolled slab - Rolling defects
Alloy depletion - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Alloy depletion - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Alloy depletion in AISI 4140 steel - Heat treatment defects
Alloy inclusion defects - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Alloy inclusion defects - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Alloy inclusion defects - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Alloy inclusion defects - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Alloy inclusion defects - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Alloy segregation - Casting defects
Alteration or modification - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Aluminium corrosion - Coating defects
Aluminothermic welding (Thermite) - Rail defects
Aluminum TSMC, chamfered edge - Thermally sprayed metal coatings - Coating defects
Aluminum TSMC, flat edge - Thermally sprayed metal coatings - Coating defects
Aluminum TSMC, rounded edge - Thermally sprayed metal coatings - Coating defects
Aluminum-nitride cracks - Casting defects
Ammonia cooling installation for air cooling - Corrosion defects
Ammonium nitrate reactor - Flange-Stress corrosion (transgranular) - Corrosion defects
An example of shelled rail - Rail defects
Angle error - Pipeline defects
Animal fouling - Marine fouling - Coating defects
Anneal color - Heat treatment defects
Anneal-stained edges (temper colours) - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Anneal-stained edges/temper colours - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Anodising burn I - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Anodising burn II - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Anthracite and resin beads beneath a stratified iron oxide layer - Corrosion defects
Appearance of 120 ton-class 9CrMoCoB steel of ESR ingot - ESR ingot defects
Appearance of attack by citric acid - Corrosion defects
Appearance of stress-corrosion crack on the external surface - Corrosion defects
Appearance of the external surface of a screen tube after exposure to moisture - Corrosion defects
Arc strikes - Welding defects
Arc craters - Welding defects
Arc damage - Hard chrome plating - Coating defects
Arc strike - Welding defects
Arc strike - Welding defects
Arc strike cracking - Welding defects
Arc welding - Welding defects
Areas of positive segregation - Forging defects
Atmospheric corrosion I - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Atmospheric corrosion II - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Atmospheric distillation - Piping-Sulfidation - Corrosion defects
Autoclave heating system (with heating oil) - Fatigue corrosion - Corrosion defects
Axial crack I - Bearing defects
Axial crack II - Bearing defects
Axial cracks - Bearing defects
Axial cracks occur on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Axial cracks occur on rolling surface - Bearing defects
Axial scratches at roller pitch intervals on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Axial scratches on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Axial scratches on rolling surface - Bearing defects
Axial shrinkage - Casting defects
Axial smearing/scoring – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
BCL - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Bacon edge at the same film thickness on materials with 0.7 resp. 3 mm - Powder coating - Coating defects
Bad annealing - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Bad heat treated structure - Heat treatment defects
Bad spheroidised annealing structure - Heat treatment defects
Barberpole - Heat treatment defects
Bare spots - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Bare spots - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Barnacle - Marine fouling - Coating defects
Bars showing a curvature defect - Slab defects
Base fracture - Rail defects
Base metal discontinuities (lamellar tearing, laminations and delaminations, laps and seams) - Welding defects
Bath roller marks - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Baumann print of the slab cross-section - Slab defects
Beach marks - Gear defects - Other defects
Bead of sweat on a work piece - Powder coating - Coating defects
Bearing damage - Bearing defects
Bearing damage classification - Bearing defects
Bearing defects
Bearing failure - Bearing defects
Bearing failure - Bearing defects
Bearing life vs. bearing operating setting - Bearing defects
Bearing-race axial cracks - Gear defects - Other defects
Belt pattern of electrical corrosion accompanied by pits on the raceway surface - Bearing defects
Bending and forming defects - Other defects
Bending fatigue - Gear defects - Other defects
Bending fatigue - Gear defects - Other defects
Benzene storage tank-Bottom plate-Chloride attack - Corrosion defects
Bitter pits caused by metal sliver in the underground - Powder coating - Coating defects
Bittiness - Coating defects
Black areas - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Black passivation defect - Zinc plating - Coating defects
Black patch - Cold rolling defects
Black spots - Casting defects
Blacking drops - Casting defects
Blacking or refractory coating inclusions - Casting defects
Blacking scab - Casting defects
Blacking scab, wash scab - Casting defects
Blast furnace gas scrubber-Plate-Carbonic acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Blasting damage - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Bleaching - Coating defects
Bleeding - Coating defects
Bleeding - Coating defects
Blister - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Blister - Rolling defects
Blister defect - Rolling defects
Blistering - Coating defects
Blistering - Coating defects
Blistering caused by an inappropriate pretreatment - Powder coating - Coating defects
Blistering caused by cross-linkage - Powder coating - Coating defects
Blisters - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Blisters - Hot rolling defects
Blisters and pinholes - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Blisters in a carbon steel plate formed by hydrogen - Other defects
Blisters in the zinc coating - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Blood supply of felt pen or stamping ink - Powder coating - Coating defects
Bloom (blush) - Coating defects
Bloom - Coating defects
Blooming-effect - Powder coating - Coating defects
Blooming-effect - Powder coating - Coating defects
Blow holes - ESR ingot defects
Blow holes - Rolling defects
Blow holes - Slab defects
Blow holes - Slab defects
Blow holes I - Ingot defects
Blow holes II - Ingot defects
Blow holes III - Ingot defects
Blow holes and open blow - Casting defects
Blow-off structure - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Blowhole - Casting defects
Blowhole - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Blowhole segregation at the ingot centre or below the ingot surface - ESR ingot defects
Blowhole/gas cavities/cavities (blowholes) due to boiling - Casting defects
Blowhole/gas cavities/cavities (blowholes) due to boiling - Casting defects
Blowholes - Casting defects
Blowholes - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Blowholes - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Blowholes - Slab defects
Blowholes - Slab defects
Blowholes - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Blowholes - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Blowholes at angles - Mould - Casting defects
Blowholes, adjacent to inserts, chills, chaplets - Casting defects
Blowholes, pinholes - Casting defects
Blowholes/pinholes - Casting defects
Bluish or purplish discoloration on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Bluish or purplish discoloration on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Body line slivers - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Body sliver/seams - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Boil up of the coating caused by a too high film thickness - Powder coating - Coating defects
Boiler (12 bar, shell type boiler)-Smoke tube (before and after cleaning)-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Boiler (12 bar, shell type boiler)-Smoke tube-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Boiler (41 bar, corner tube boiler)-Water tube from convection section-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
Boiler (71 bar, vertical water tube boiler)-Water tube-Creep caused by superheating - Corrosion defects
Boiler (91 bar, water tube boiler)-Furnace tube-Creep caused by superheating - Corrosion defects
Boiler (gas turbine waste heat boiler, 41 bar)-Pipe-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Boiler (shell type boiler, 19 bar)-Smoke tubes-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Boiler (shell type boiler, 7-8 bar, gas-fired)-Smoke tube extremity of second pass-Cracking caused by superheating - Corrosion defects
Boiler (water tube boiler, 51 bar, fluidized bed fired)-Furnace wall tube-Erosion - Corrosion defects
Boiler (water tube boiler; 85 bar, 515°C)-Downcomer tube from drum-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Boiler coal-ash corrosion - Corrosion defects
Boiler feed system-Deaerator-Stress corrosion - Corrosion defects
Boiler feed system-Feed line from deaerator to boiler-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Boiler feed system-Section of steam dome of two-stage deaerator-Cavitation - Corrosion defects
Boiler feedsystem-First impeller and diffuser ring of boiler feedwater pump (65 mi/h, 51 bar back pressue)-Cavitation - Corrosion defects
Boiler feedwater deaerator-Deaerator cascade jacket-Stress corrosion (transgranular) underneath insulation - Corrosion defects
Boiler feedwater system-Boiler feed pump impeller-Graphitization - Corrosion defects
Boiler feedwater tank equipped with steam heating-Steam coil-Deposit attack - Corrosion defects
Boiler heat recovery system (watcr tube boiler, 46 bar)-Flue gas heat exchanger-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Boiler-Economizer pipe (before and after laboratory cleaning)-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Boiler-Economizer tube-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
Boiler-Superheating tube-Sulphidation - Corrosion defects
Bolt hole crack - Rail defects
Bolt hole crack - Rail defects
Bolt hole crack - Rail defects
Bootleg - Ingot defects
Bore crack - Casting defects
Boring cutters - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Boring tool - Tool steels - Fractography
Boyd’s model for chevron cracks - Fractography
Brake dust buildup - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Breakage (cold) - Casting defects
Breaking the casting - Slab defects
Breaks at the bending - 1.7102 steel - Cold drawing defects
Breaks by an unfavorable microstructure - Heat treatment defects
Brewery-Spent grain transport pipe-Erosion - Corrosion defects
Brick inclusions - Ingot defects
Bridging - Coating defects
Bridging - Coating defects
Bright edge (edge overgrowth) - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Brinell and impact damage - Bearing defects
Brinelling - Bearing defects
Brinelling indentation – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Brittle (top) and ductile (bottom) fractures - Fractography
Brittle fracture - Charpy V notch specimen - Fractography
Brittle fracture face resulting from corrosion fatigue - Corrosion defects
Brittle fracture in tension - Fractography
Brittle fracture initiated by fatigue - Fractography
Brittle fracture of Fe –2.2% Si slab - Fractography
Brittle fracture of a railroad rail - Fractography
Broken A2 punch - Not tempered - Heat treatment defects
Broken base - Rail defects
Broken base - Rail defects
Broken base - Rail defects
Broken casting (at gate, riser, or vent) - Casting defects
Broken chuck - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Broken corners - Hot rolling defects
Broken corners - Slab defects
Broken helical spring - 1.7176 steel - Cold drawing defects
Broken mould - Mould - Casting defects
Broken nitrided case - 1.7131 steel - Cold drawing defects
Broken nitrided case - Heat treatment defects
Broken or crushed core - Casting defects
Broken out gate - Casting defects
Broken-open lap - Forging defects
Brown staining - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Bruised ingot surface - Ingot defects
Bruising - Bearing defects
Brush chatter marks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Brush marks - Coating defects
Bubbles caused by corrosion after pretreatment - Powder coating - Coating defects
Bubbles caused by corrosion after pretreatment - Powder coating - Coating defects
Bubbles caused by outgassing at the die-cast aluminium - Powder coating - Coating defects
Bubbles caused by tassels in the galvagnized plate - Powder coating - Coating defects
Bubbles or bubbling - Coating defects
Bubbles or bubbling - Coating defects
Buckle - Casting defects
Buckling - Rail defects
Bulged and ruptured superheater U-bend - Corrosion defects
Bulging - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Burn in - Casting defects
Burn mark - Polishing defects
Burn marks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Burn on - Casting defects
Burn-through (non-standard) - Welding defects
Burn-through - Welding defects
Burned on sand - Casting defects
Burned rail - Rail defects
Burned rail - Rail defects
Burned weld - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Burns from electric current - Bearing defects
Burns from electric current I - Bearing defects
Burns from electric current II - Bearing defects
Burns from electric current III - Bearing defects
Burnt - Hot rolling defects
Burnt castings - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Burnt edges - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Burnt-on sand - Mould - Casting defects
Burrs on curl - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Burst at the bulging - 1.7709 steel - Cold drawing defects
Burst of screw head at the compression - 1.7034 steel - Cold drawing defects
Burst of screw head at the compression - 1.7076 steel - Cold drawing defects
Burst of screw head at the compression - 1.7034 steel - Cold drawing defects
Burst open upsetting sample - 1.4301 steel - Cold drawing defects
Burst open upsetting sample - 1.4303 steel - Cold drawing defects
Burst open upsetting sample - 1.4303 steel - Cold drawing defects
Butterfly areas and early sub-surface cracks at inclusions - Bearing defects
Butterfly – Micro hardness - Bearing defects
Butterfly – Morphology & Orientation - Bearing defects
CO2 beads of sweat in the filter residue - Powder coating - Coating defects
CO2 laser versus punched numbers - Machining defects
CS macro segregation - Ingot defects
Cage damage - Bearing defects
Cage damage - Bearing defects
Cage is damaged by melting, balls become discolored and melted - Bearing defects
Caked residue of lubricant - Bearing defects
Calcium carbonate and Analcite deposits - Corrosion defects
Cam - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Cam fracture - Bearing defects
Camber - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Camber/swells - Casting defects
Camber/swells - Casting defects
Cap shift - Bearing defects
Carbide pull-outs - Polishing defects
Carbide segregation - Other defects
Carbon deposit - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Carbon dioxide scrubbing tower-Pump shaft-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
Carbon dioxide scrubbing tower-Wall-Cold hydrogen attack - Corrosion defects
Carbon monoxide blowhole - Casting defects
Carbon monoxide pinholes - Casting defects
Carbon segregation map - 3.3 t ingot - Ingot defects
Carbon tool steel dies - Tool steels - Fractography
Carburization by soft annealing - Heat treatment defects
Carburizing - Corrosion defects
Case crushing - Gear defects - Other defects
Case crushing - Gear defects - Other defects
Case depth too deep - Heat treatment defects
Casting chilling defect - Casting defects
Casting defect and crack in hot rolled round billet - Rolling defects
Casting distortion - Casting defects
Casting imperfections visible - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Casting ingot defects - Ingot defects
Casting ingot defects killed and rimmed steels - Ingot defects
Casting powder inclusions - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Castings with sand inclusions - Casting defects
Caterpillars - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Cathodic disbonding - Coating defects
Cattle shed-Rear support of partition wall between the cows-Ammonia corrosion - Corrosion defects
Causes of cold crack formation - Welding defects
Caustic corrosion and overheating - Corrosion defects
Caustic gouging along a longitudinal waterline - Corrosion defects
Caustic soda transport system-Pipe section-Stress corrosion (caustic embrittlement) - Corrosion defects
Caustic soda transport system-Pipe-Alkalinity corrosion - Corrosion defects
Cavitation - Corrosion defects
Cavitation damage I - Fractography
Cavitation damage II - Fractography
Cavities - Casting defects
Center macro-segregation - Slab defects
Center waves - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Centerline or axial shrinkage - Casting defects
Centerline segregation - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Centerline segregation - Rolling defects
Centerline segregation - Slab defects
Centerline segregation - Slab defects
Centerline segregation - Slab defects
Centerline segregation - Slab defects
Centerline segregation - Slab defects
Centerline segregation - Slab defects
Centerline segregation - Slab defects
Centerline segregation – Assessment method - Slab defects
Centerline shrinkage porosity - Ingot defects
Central bursting (“chevron cracking”) - Rolling defects
Central bursting in 4615 modified ball studs due to segregation - Drawing defects
Central discontinuity - Forging defects
Central heating system-Boiler smoke tube-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Central heating system-Circulating pump rotor-Consequence of oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Central porosity - Slab defects
Central porosity - Slab defects
Central seegregation zone - Slab defects
Centre segregation - Slab defects
Centre segregation defect - Slab defects
Centreline segregation in the slabs - Slab defects
Centrifugal impeller - Fractography
Chain and wire marks - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Chain graphitization - Corrosion defects
Chalking - Coating defects
Chalking - Coating defects
Chalking caused by faulty powder coating selection - Powder coating - Coating defects
Chalky side seam - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Changes in volume due to phase transformation - Heat treatment defects
Chaplet or insert cold shut, unfused chaplet - Casting defects
Characteristic layers of a subsurface - Machining defects
Charpy V-notch series to evaluate the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature - Fractography
Chatter marks - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Check earthing - Powder coating - Coating defects
Checking - Coating defects
Checking - Coating defects
Cheesiness - Coating defects
Chelant corrosion - Corrosion defects
Chelant corrosion on feedwater pump - Corrosion defects
Chelant corrosion on internal surface of inlet end - Corrosion defects
Chemical distribution of the remelted ingot - ESR ingot defects
Chemical segregation - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Chemical segregation - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Chemical segregation AISI 1144 steel - Heat treatment defects
Chemical segregation AISI 4140 steel - Heat treatment defects
Chemical-physical waste water purification plant-Mixing flange in waste water pipeline-Chloride attack - Corrosion defects
Chevron crack in 4615 modified ball stud due to segregation during extrusion - Fractography
Chevron cracking (central burst) - Extrusion defects
Chevron cracking - Extrusion defects
Chevrons (flashings) - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Chicken cracks - Grinding cracks - Machining defects
Chicken cracks - Machining defects
Chill crack - Casting defects
Chill iron marks - Casting defects
Chipping occurs at the center rib - Bearing defects
Chipping – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Chloride corrosion - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Chromate patches/streaks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Chromating defects (stain) - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Chrome peeling - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Chrome trees - Hard chrome plating - Coating defects
Chromium oxide on the surface - 1.4016 steel - Cold drawing defects
Circular spall in hardened steel roll - Fractography
Circumferential corrosion - Pipeline defects
Circumferential scar - Pipeline defects
Cissing - Coating defects
Cissing - Coating defects
Clash shifting I - Gear defects - Other defects
Clash shifting II - Gear defects - Other defects
Classification of cracks to DIN 8524 part 3 - Welding defects
Classification of sorts and causes of failures within the tool failures register
Classification of surface imperfections - Polishing defects
Classification of tool failures
Classification of welding defects
Cleaning circuit-Conductivity electrodes placed in the circuit-'Stray current' corrosion - Corrosion defects
Cleaning circuit-Pipe section-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Cleanness I - Ingot defects
Cleanness II - Ingot defects
Clearcoat yellowing - Paint defects - Coating defects
Cleavage fracture in carbon steel - Fractography
Cleavage fracture of Fe - 2.5% Si - Fractography
Cleavage fracture of Fe-2.5% Si steel - Fractography
Cleavage in Fe - 2.5% Si - Fractography
Climatic conditions - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Clinched only - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Clinks - Hot rolling defects
Clinks - Ingot defects
Clogged holes/clogged threads - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Clothing fiber in the powder coating film (cured) - Powder coating - Coating defects
Cloud formation at metallic - Powder coating - Coating defects
Cloud formation caused by different film thickness - Powder coating - Coating defects
Clouding - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Clouding/mottling - Paint defects - Coating defects
Cluster rolling mill or Sendzimir rolling mill
Coal-ash corrosion - Corrosion defects
Coarse carbides by multiple annealing - Heat treatment defects
Coarse grain - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Coarse slag inclusions - ESR ingot defects
Coated coil defects - Coated coil defects
Coater drip - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Coating failure caused by inadequate primer - Coating defects
Coating inside out - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Coating inside out - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Coating ripple - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Coating skips - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Coating terminology
Cobwebbing - Coating defects
Cobwebbing - Coating defects
Coil break - Heat treatment defects
Coil break - Pickling line - Rolling defects
Coil breaks - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Coil breaks - Heat treatment defects
Coil breaks - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Coil breaks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Coil breaks - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Coil digs - Rolling defects
Coil set - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Coil set - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Coil set - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Coil spring made from AISI H12 tool steel that cracked after heat treatment - Fractography
Coil temper digs - Heat treatment defects
Coil wrench mark - Heat treatment defects
Coiling slip marks - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Coiling slip marks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Coiling slip marks - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Cokey center, pits, and dendritic pattern - Forging defects
Cokey like center - Forging defects
Cold crack (lamellar tear) - Welding defects
Cold crack (root crack, toe crack, underbead crack, transverse crack) - Welding defects
Cold crack - Welding defects
Cold cracking - Casting defects
Cold cracking - Welding defects
Cold cracking bolts - Hydrogen embrittlement defects
Cold cracking of RQC-90 plate - Welding defects
Cold cracks - HSLA-100 steel - Welding defects
Cold cracks - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Cold etch of disc cut from small ingot - Forging defects
Cold flow I - Gear defects - Other defects
Cold flow II - Gear defects - Other defects
Cold fracture - Casting defects
Cold indentations - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Cold lap or cold shut - Casting defects
Cold rolling marks - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Cold shot - Casting defects
Cold shot inclusion/spray bead - Casting defects
Cold shot inclusion/spray bead - Casting defects
Cold shut (fold) - Forging defects
Cold shut - Casting defects
Cold shut - Casting defects
Cold shut or cold lap - Casting defects
Cold solder - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Cold stress crack - Casting defects
Cold strip scratches - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Cold strip scratches - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Cold tapwater system-Pipe section-Carbonic acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Cold tapwater system-Pipe section-Sulphide corrosion - Corrosion defects
Cold tearing - Casting defects
Color off-shade - Paint defects - Coating defects
Color compare with the original color sample during the production - Powder coating - Coating defects
Color hue change caused by insufficient adhesion - Powder coating - Coating defects
Color hue change during the production - Powder coating - Coating defects
Color shift at coatings of different manufacturers - Powder coating - Coating defects
Color shift between RAL-cards HR and GL - Powder coating - Coating defects
Color shift caused by a communication mistake - Powder coating - Coating defects
Color variations caused by different application manufacturers - Powder coating - Coating defects
Color variations caused by reclaim - Powder coating - Coating defects
Color-deviation at dormant caused by two different shades in the oven - Powder coating - Coating defects
Colour differences - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Comet tails - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Comet tails - Polishing defects
Common bearing defects - Bearing defects
Common casting defects I - Casting defects
Common casting defects II - Casting defects
Common casting defects III - Casting defects
Common concast defects - Slab defects
Common defects - Drawing defects
Common defects - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Common defects - Paint and coating defects
Common forging defects - Forging defects
Common forging defects - Forging defects
Common heat treatment defects
Common pipeline defects - Pipeline defects
Common rolling defects - Rolling defects
Common slab defects - Slab defects
Common types of rail breaks - Rail defects
Common weld joint discontinuities (defects) - Welding defects
Compared the calculated results with the experimental ones of the crack shape from top surface - Rolling defects
Comparison of defect detection systems - Rolling defects
Composite radiant tube - Coating defects
Compound fissure - Rail defects
Compound fissure - Rail defects
Compound fissure - Rail defects
Compound fissure - Rail defects
Comprised pretreatment-crystals (salts, chlorides) - Powder coating - Coating defects
Concave fillet weld, convex fillet weld - Welding defects
Conchoidal or "rock candy" fracture - Casting defects
Condensate drip marks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Condenser cooler in nitric acid plant-Cooler jacket-Deposit attack - Corrosion defects
Conductor roll imprint - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Conductor roll stickers - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Conductor roll structure - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Connecting rod defects I - Forging defects
Connecting rod defects II - Forging defects
Connecting rod defects III - Forging defects
Constrictions - ESR ingot defects
Contact marks (rub) - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Contaminated sulphuric acid transport pipeline-Plate in a butterfly valve-Cracking corrosion on both sides - Corrosion defects
Contamination (fish-eyes/silicone) - Paint defects - Coating defects
Contamination - Bearing defects
Contamination - Bearing defects
Contamination - Bearing defects
Contamination - Rail defects
Contamination from poor equipment cleaning - Powder coating - Coating defects
Continuous catalytic reforming-Furnace tubes-Metal dusting - Corrosion defects
Continuously test of the reclaim - Powder coating - Coating defects
Convergence of groove - Corrosion defects
Convexity and concavity - Welding defects
Cooling cracks - Tool steels - Heat treatment defects
Cooling element of air-cooled sulphuric acid heat exchanger-Sulphuric acid plant-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Cooling system (ammonia)-Insulated steel pipe-Corrosion underneath insulation - Corrosion defects
Cooling tower with heat exchanger-Cooler pipe from heat exchanger (with aluminium brass jacket pipe)-Hot hydrogen attack (decarburization) - Corrosion defects
Cooling water system (open, circulating, with cooling tower)-Pipe section-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Cooling water system-Cooling water pump check valve-Graphitization - Corrosion defects
Cooling water system-Cooling water pump impeller-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
Cooling water system-Left-hand cooling water pump filter bolt; right-hand new bolt-Galvanic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Cooling water system-Pipe section with branch-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
Cope defect, elephant skin, laps - Casting defects
Cope spall, boil scab, erosion scab - Casting defects
Copper pick-up - Welding defects
Copper brazing - Other defects
Core damage - Casting defects
Core damage - Casting defects
Core segregation - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Core segregation with primary carbide accumulation - Ingot defects
Core segregation with sulfide accumulation - 1.4105 steel - Cold drawing defects
Core segregation with sulfide accumulation - Ingot defects
Core segregations - ESR ingot defects
Core shrinkage - Casting defects
Corner blowholes, draws - Casting defects
Corner crack - Slab defects
Corner cracks - Rolling defects
Corner cracks - Slab defects
Corner cracks at the drawing - 1.4122 steel - Cold drawing defects
Corner or fillet shrinkage - Casting defects
Corner scab - Casting defects
Corroded plate surface - 1.4301 steel - Cold drawing defects
Corroded plate surface - Corrosion defects
Corrosion - Bearing defects
Corrosion - Bearing defects
Corrosion - Bearing defects
Corrosion - Bearing defects
Corrosion - Bearing defects
Corrosion - Bearing defects
Corrosion - Bearing defects
Corrosion - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Corrosion - Paint defects - Coating defects
Corrosion - Pipeline defects
Corrosion - Pipeline defects
Corrosion - Pipeline defects
Corrosion - Rail defects
Corrosion - Rust - Bearing defects
Corrosion - Rust - Bearing defects
Corrosion - Rust - Bearing defects
Corrosion and perforations of finned economizer tube - Corrosion defects
Corrosion as bubble causale - Powder coating - Coating defects
Corrosion caused by Fe-phosphating on radiated pieces - Powder coating - Coating defects
Corrosion defect - Pipeline defects
Corrosion due to chemicals - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Corrosion due to hydrolysis - Corrosion defects
Corrosion due to incorrect storage - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Corrosion due to incorrect transportation of heavy plates - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Corrosion fatigue - Broken drive shaft - Corrosion defects
Corrosion fatigue - Corrosion defects
Corrosion of large area on the pipe - Pipeline defects
Corrosion of sandblasted work pieces after pretreatment - Powder coating - Coating defects
Corrosion pit acting as stress concentrator - Corrosion defects
Corrosion resulting from inadequate water washing of external surfaces - Corrosion defects
Corrosion trap - Surface conditions - Coating defects
Corrosion under thermal contraction - Pipeline defects
Corrosion – Maximum permissible - Bearing defects
Corrosion – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Corrosion-fatigue cracking - Corrosion defects
Corrosive wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Corrosive wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Corrugation - Rail defects
Cr-plated A2 blanking die - Coating defects
Cr-plated A2 blanking die - Coating defects
Crack - Bearing defects
Crack - Forged bar - Forging defects
Crack - Polishing defects
Crack at the bottom of flange - Other defects
Crack defect - Casting defects
Crack initiated from the rolling seam in AISI 8630 steel - Heat treatment defects
Crack initiation at the sharp radius of a plastic mould die - Steel tool defects
Crack present in hot work die steel before nitriding shown by Macro-Etching - Heat treatment defects
Crack promoted by the seam in AISI type 403 stainless steel - Heat treatment defects
Crack structure double-chrome layer - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Crack-free 'milky' low current density chromium plate - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Cracked edge - Other defects
Cracked in sharp cornes - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Cracked or broken mold - Casting defects
Cracked roll - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Cracked upset forged EX33 - Forging defects
Cracking - Coating defects
Cracking - Coating defects
Cracking - Welding defects
Cracking at the flash - Forging defects
Cracking by sparking during marking - Machining defects
Cracking during 90 deg. bending - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Cracking found on a grade 91 header after operation for 58.000 hours at 580°C - Other defects
Cracking is promoted by inclusion defects in AISI 1144 steel - Heat treatment defects
Cracking is promoted by inclusion defects in AISI 1144 steel - Heat treatment defects
Cracking is promoted by inclusion defects in AISI 4150 steel - Heat treatment defects
Cracking of a nitrided quill shaft - Heat treatment defects
Cracking through weld zone - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Cracks (longitudinal, transverse, crater, throat, toe, root, underbead and heat-affected zone, hot, cold or delayed) - Welding defects
Cracks - Casting defects
Cracks - Induction thermography - Forging defects
Cracks - Ingot defects
Cracks - Pipeline defects
Cracks - Rail defects
Cracks - Slab defects
Cracks - Welding - Coating defects
Cracks - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Cracks and cavities - Welding defects
Cracks associated with surface irregularities - Ingot defects
Cracks at welds - Pipeline defects
Cracks by internal defect - 1.4122 steel - Cold drawing defects
Cracks caused be smearing - Bearing defects
Cracks caused by excessive drive-up - Bearing defects
Cracks caused by fretting corrosion - Bearing defects
Cracks caused by rough treatment - Bearing defects
Cracks caused by shrinkage hole - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Cracks in the edge of the tool - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Cracks in the material to be galvanized - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Cracks not accompanied by surface irregularitics - Ingot defects
Cracks occur on outside surface - Bearing defects
Cracks on the surface of an S355J2-NbTi steel - Slab defects
Cracks propageted outward in the axial and circumferential directions from the flaking origin on the raceway surface - Bearing defects
Cracks, breakout shell - Slab defects
Cracks, longitudinal and transverse I - Drawing defects
Cracks, longitudinal and transverse II - Drawing defects
Cracks, porosity and macrosegregations - Slab defects
Crank shaft and typical defects - Forging defects
Crater pipes - Welding defects
Crater caused by oil in the compressed air - Powder coating - Coating defects
Crater caused by oil residue - Powder coating - Coating defects
Crater crack - Welding defects
Crater crack - Welding defects
Crater in powder coating film caused by corrosion - Powder coating - Coating defects
Cratering - Coating defects
Cratering - Coating defects
Cratering - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Craters - Bearing defects
Craters - Welding - Coating defects
Craze cracking - Casting defects
Crazing - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Crazing - Coating defects
Crazing - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Crazing - Ingot defects
Create an additional earthing - Powder coating - Coating defects
Creep accompanied by scoring of bore surface - Bearing defects
Creep exposed 2 1/4 Cr-1Mo SAW weld - Other defects
Creep occurs over entire circumference of outside surface - Bearing defects
Creep rupture (stress rupture) - Corrosion defects
Cross bow - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Cross bow - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Cross bow - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Cross bow - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Cross cavity - Slab defects
Cross section of bulged target-wall tube - Corrosion defects
Cross section of defect - Rail defects
Cross section of tube showing weld metal - Welding defects - Corrosion defects
Cross-section fractures - Slab defects
Crowsfooting - Coating defects
Crowsfooting - Coating defects
Crow’s feet - Casting defects
Crude oil distillation unit-Process pipe-Age embrittlement - Corrosion defects
Crude oil storage tank-Bottom plate weld-Knife line attack (selective leaching) - Corrosion defects
Crush - Casting defects
Crushed - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Crushed head - Rail defects
Crushed head - Rail defects
Crystallographic orientation of the grains - Forging defects
Current leakage - Bearing defects
Current leakage - Bearing defects
Curve - Rolling defects
Curved defect originating on the internal surface of a seamless tube - Corrosion defects
Cut seam - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Cut-down flange I - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Cut-down flange II - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Cutover I - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Cutover II - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Cyclic (alternate) immersion panels with circular holidays after 6 months - Thermally sprayed metal coatings - Coating defects
Cyclic (alternate) immersion panels with scribes after 6 months test - Thermally sprayed metal coatings - Coating defects
D2 steel draw die insert – Incipient melting - Heat treatment defects
Dairy factory, whey manufacturing unit-Whey transport pipeline-Chloride attack - Corrosion defects
Damage - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Damage - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Damage by improper tire mounting or improper tire mounting solution - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Damage caused by the passage of electric current - Bearing defects
Damage occurring during further processing - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Damage process - Bearing defects
Damage to bead seat area from the use of incorrect tire lubricant when installing tires - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Damage to scoreline/pull tab - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Damaged bearing cages or retainers - Bearing defects
Damaged coating - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Damaged curl/flange - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Damaged die parts on different dies at different location under similar production condition - Tool steel defects
Damaged ejector - Tool steel defects
Damaged plate edges - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Damaged rail - Rail defects
Damaged rail - Rail defects
Damaged strip edges - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Damages due to improper slinging - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Damages occurring during storage - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Damages occurring during transportation - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Damp patch caused by accumulated rust and debris - Coating defects
Dark etching areas & white bands - Bearing defects
Dark etching areas – Hardness changes - Bearing defects
Dark rim around both the surface and the crack - Heat treatment defects
Dealloying - Corrosion defects
Debris around bearings retains moisture - Coating defects
Decarburization - Heat treatment defects
Decarburization - Heat treatment defects
Decarburization at heat treated material - Heat treatment defects
Decarburization of hardened 5160 spring steel bar - Front wheel drive - Heat treatment defects
Decarburized surface of Hadfield Mn steel produces epsilon martensite - Heat treatment defects
Deep caustic gouging beneath insulating internal deposits - Corrosion defects
Deep grooves cut into the hot side of a waterwall tube - Corrosion defects
Deep oscillation marks - Slab defects
Deep seated rust - Bearing defects
Defect found on ID surface of 420 stainless steel mould after polishing - Polishing defects
Defect nomenclature - Rail defects
Defect type overview - Rail defects
Defect types - Pipeline defects
Defect-free zinc coatings - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Defect? - Hard chrome plating - Coating defects
Defective bearing - Bearing defects
Defective bearing tables and photographs - Bearing defects
Defective coating (teardropping) or poor mold repair - Casting defects
Defective field weld - Rail defects
Defective ingot - Ingot defects
Defective ingot blocks - Ingot defects
Defective ingot blocks - Ingot defects
Defective plant weld - Rail defects
Defective surface - Casting defects
Defective weld - Rail defects
Defective welds - Rail defects
Defects causing casting breakage at machining - Casting defects
Defects causing pressurized leak test failure - Casting defects
Defects causing surface imperfection - Casting defects
Defects in rolling
Defects in steel products - Slab defects
Defects in the bulk volume of a nitrogen steel riser - Casting defects
Defects of machined surface - Machining defects
Defects resulting changes in the material structure - Pipeline defects
Defects resulting metal loss - Pipeline defects
Deficiency in the original design failure of a steam turbine - Fractography
Deformation and wear of a machined high-tension brass cage - Bearing defects
Deformation due to incorrect storage - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Deformation of the side face of a machined hightension brass cage - Bearing defects
Deformed mold, mold creep, springback - Casting defects
Deformed pattern - Casting defects
Degenerated pearlite within bainite - Heat treatment defects
Delamination - Coating defects
Delamination - Coating defects
Delamination - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Delamination - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Dent - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Dent - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Dent - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Dent - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Dent of roller - Slab defects
Denting - Bearing defects
Denting/point-surface-origin (PSO) macropitting - Bearing defects
Dents - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Dents - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Dents - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Dents and buckles - Pipeline defects
Deposit layer on the internal surface of the hot side of a crossover tube - Corrosion defects
Depression defects - Slab defects
Depression mark I - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Depression mark II - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Depressions and pressure damage - Bearing defects
Design overload - die - Tool steels - Fractography
Destructive (progressive) pitting - Gear defects - Other defects
Destructive pitting - Gear defects - Other defects
Destructive scoring - Gear defects - Other defects
Destructive scoring - Gear defects - Other defects
Desulphurization plant-6" pipe to the furnace-Hot hydrogen attack - Corrosion defects
Desulphurization unit-Reactor test block-Sulphur corrosion - Corrosion defects
Detail fracture (from shelling) - Rail defects
Detail fracture (welded bond) - Rail defects
Detail fracture - Rail defects
Detail fracture - Rail defects
Detail fracture associated with welded bond wire connection (traction, signal) - Rail defects
Detail fracture from head check - Rail defects
Detail fracture originating from a visible shell - Rail defects
Determination of critical limits of shell deformation (IMC-B-test) - Slab defects
Development of discontinuity in metal
Development of segregation in a killed steel ingot - Ingot defects
Dew-point corrosion during idle periods - Corrosion defects
Dicontinuities - Casting defects
Die and punch - Tool steels - Fractography
Die casting dies corrosion - Tool steel defects
Die cracked in hardening - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Die cracked in heat-treatment - Tool steels - Fractography
Die damages on a moving die insert - Tool steel defects
Die failed in service - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Die failure caused by severe wear - Fractography
Die failures - Forging defects
Die failures - Forging defects
Die made from AISI Ol tool steel that was found to be cracked after heat treatment - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Die made of high-carbon - Tool steels - Fractography
Die made of high-speed steel - Tool steels - Fractography
Die shift (mismatch) - Forging defects
Die were tempered after the quench - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Different opacity on steel and aluminum - Powder coating - Coating defects
Different pores seen on billet - Slab defects
Different types of cracks in bars and retired-for-cause piping welds - Welding defects
Dimensional variation - Casting defects
Dimensional variation - Casting defects
Dip coat spall, scab - Casting defects
Direct and indirect views of a brittle fracture - Fractography
Dirt - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Dirt - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Dirt embedment - Bearing defects
Dirt inclusions - Paint defects - Coating defects
Dirt on back - Bearing defects
Dirty lubricant - Indentations on raceway - Bearing defects
Dirty lubricant - Indentations on raceway - Bearing defects
Dirty lubricant - Smearing/wear on roller - Bearing defects
Discoloration - Bearing defects
Discoloration and melting of roller rolling surface, adhesion of worn particles from cage - Bearing defects
Discoloration/staining - Polishing defects
Discolorations - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Discolouration - Bearing defects
Discolouration – Acceptable - Bearing defects
Discolouration – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Discontinuity defect-LH15 bearing steel - Forging defects
Discontinuous cracks - Rolling defects
Discrete white spots in AL 15-5 stainless steel - Ingot defects
Disjointed ingot - Ingot defects
Dispersed shrinkage - Casting defects
Dispersed shrinkage - Casting defects
Dispersed shrinkage - Casting defects
Dispersed shrinkage - Casting defects
Displaced segregation - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Distillation column-Tray clamp-Galvanic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Distillation tower-Belleville washers (top specimen unused, bottom specimen corroded)-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Distinctive appearance of spalls - Bearing defects
Distinctive core segregation - Ingot defects
Distinctive features of subsurface initiated spalls - Bearing defects
Distinctive features of surface initiated spalls - Bearing defects
Distorted casting - Casting defects
Distorted crank case - Bearing defects
Distorted reform ridge - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Distortion - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Distortion - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Distortion - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Distortion - Welding defects
Distortion or warp - Casting defects
Distribution and morphology of machined surface defects - Machining defects
District heating system-Lower part of radiator-Deposit attack - Corrosion defects
Dog marks, manipulator marks - Hot rolling defects
Double body - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Double end - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Double end - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Double seam dent - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Double skin - Ingot defects
Double skin - Ingot defects
Double teem - Ingot defects
Double-side edge waves - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Drainage runs and streaks - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Drainage spikes - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Drainage spikes - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Draw/blowhole - Casting defects
Drawn-in drawing agent - 1.4301 steel - Cold drawing defects
Drawn-in scale - 1.2826 steel - Cold drawing defects
Dripped ESR ingot - Ingot defects
Droop I - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Droop II - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Drop formation - Powder coating - Coating defects
Drop formation caused by a too high film thickness - Powder coating - Coating defects
Dross - Casting defects
Dross - Casting defects
Dross entrapment I - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Dross entrapment II - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Dross inclusions - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Dross inclusions - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Dross pimples - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Dross spots - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Dross striations - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Dross sugar - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Dry in - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Dry spray - Coating defects
Ductile fracture - 'Popsac' vessel - Fractography
Ductile fracture - Charpy V notch specimen - Fractography
Ductile fracture - Fractography
Ductile fracture - Microvoid coalescence - Fractography
Ductile fracture in tension - Fractography
Dust in the filter residue - Powder coating - Coating defects
Dust in the reclaim powder (enlarged) - Powder coating - Coating defects
EDM caused defects at holes in this AISI A4 primer cup plate (sectioned) - Machining defects
EDM copper and graphite electrodes - EDM machining defects
EDM layers thickness - Orvar Supreme tool steel - EDM machining defects
Early micro cracks on pinion - Bearing defects
Ectocarpus - Plant - Weed or algae fouling - Coating defects
Ectocarpus and enteromorpha - Plant - Weed or algae fouling - Coating defects
Edge burst - Forging defects
Edge crack - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Edge crack - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Edge crack - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Edge crack - Rolling defects
Edge cracks - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Edge cracks - Slab defects
Edge cracks - Tandem mill inspection - Rolling defects
Edge defect - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Edge defect - Tinning - Rolling defects
Edge displacement - Pipeline defects
Edge fault - Pickling line - Rolling defects
Edge fault - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Edge line slivers - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Edge mapping due to solvent penetration - Paint defects - Coating defects
Edge particles - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Edge waves - Tandem mill inspection - Rolling defects
Edge waves/centre waves - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Edge waviness from the quench unit - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Edge “sugar” - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Edge/central waves - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Edge/central waves - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Edges - Sharp - Surface conditions - Coating defects
Edges – Flame cut - Surface conditions - Coating defects
Effect difference at different applications - Powder coating - Coating defects
Effect of EDM on the tool surface - Tool steel defects
Effect of casting speed on solidification structure and central macrosegregation - Slab defects
Effect of fillet radius
Effect of forging on microstructure - Forging defects
Effect of heat treatment on as-processed black Ni-P - Coating defects
Effect of immersion time on as-processed black Ni-P - Coating defects
Effect of rainwashing - Coating defects
Effect of roll deflection
Effect of stress raisers on stress concentration and distribution of stress - Fractography
Effect of temperature of etching solution on as-processed black Ni-P - Coating defects
Effect-deviations caused by reclaim - Powder coating - Coating defects
Effects of (a) draft angle and (b) natural draft
Effects of hard machining on surface quality of a high-strength tool steel - Tool steel defects
Efflorescence - Coating defects
Ejection die - Tool steel defects
Electric current damage - Bearing defects
Electric flash butt welding - Rail defects
Electric pitting - Flaking generated around half the raceway - Bearing defects
Electric pitting - Flaking generated around half the raceway - Bearing defects
Electric pitting and staining - Bearing defects
Electric pitting and staining - Bearing defects
Electrical corrosion has a dark color that covers the entire ball surface - Bearing defects
Electrical current damage – Washboarding / fluting (unacceptable) - Bearing defects
Electrical current damage – Washboarding / fluting (unacceptable) - Bearing defects
Electrical damage – Pitting (maximum acceptable) - Bearing defects
Electrical damage – Strings of pitting (unacceptable) - Bearing defects
Electrical damage – Strings of pitting (unacceptable) - Bearing defects
Electrical damage – Strings of pitting (unacceptable) - Bearing defects
Electrical erosion - Bearing defects
Electrical erosion - Bearing defects
Elemental copper on wall tube from a high-pressure utility boiler - Corrosion defects
Elephant skin - Casting defects
Elephant skin - Casting defects
Elephant skin and a gas - Casting defects
Elephant skin defect - Casting defects
Elliptical metal-loss pattern and intact island of tube metal - Corrosion defects
Elliptical water rings surrounding oxygen pit in a U-bend - Corrosion defects
Elongated porosity - Welding defects
Embrittlement of the material, fractures caused by artificial ageing - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Emulsion mark - Rolling defects
Emulsion marks - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Emulsion marks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
End cracking - Drawing defects
End yoke vibration - Gear defects - Other defects
Engine burn - Rail defects
Engine burn - Rail defects
Engine burn fracture - Rail defects
Engine burn fracture - Rail defects
Enteromorpha (green grass) - Plant - Weed or algae fouling - Coating defects
Enteromorpha (green grass) - Plant - Weed or algae fouling - Coating defects
Entrapped gas, heavy segregation, voids, and ingot pattern - Forging defects
Environmental contamination - Paint defects - Coating defects
Erosion - Coating defects
Erosion - Mould - Casting defects
Erosion damage in AISI HI3 nozzle from a zinc die-casting die - Fractography
Erosion failure of a high alloyed cold work tool steel - Steel tool defects
Erosion, cut, or wash - Casting defects
Erosion/washout - Casting defects
Etch staining - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Etching – Corrosion - Bearing defects
Etching/corrosion - Bearing defects
Etching/corrosion - Bearing defects
Example of a dent - Pipeline defects
Example of a manufacturing defect - Pipeline defects
Example of a successful polishing treatment - Polishing defects
Example of a successful polishing treatment - Polishing defects
Example of detailed analysis and report of results by laboratory - Tool steel defects
Example of external corrosion - Pipeline defects
Example of measurements of the heat affected zone depth and the depth of weld penetration
Example of measurements of the heat affected zone depth and the depth of weld penetration - Welding defects
Examples of a chrome wheel that has been cleaned with steel wool - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Examples of acceptable surface finishes - Machining defects
Examples of curb hit (accident) - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Examples of exogenous inclusion such as teeming flux and well block sand - Ingot defects
Examples of the microstructure of AISI M2 high-speed steel - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Examples of unacceptable surface finishes - Machining defects
Excess aluminum in galvanizing bath - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Excess penetration (burn through) - Welding defects
Excess penetration bead - Welding I - Coating defects
Excess penetration bead - Welding II - Coating defects
Excess rapping of pattern - Casting defects
Excessive penetration - Welding defects
Excessive reinforcement - Welding defects
Excessive abrasion type wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Excessive cleaning - Casting defects
Excessive concavity - Welding defects
Excessive concavity or convexity - Welding defects
Excessive concavity or convexity - Welding defects
Excessive convexity - Welding defects
Excessive endplay - Bearing defects
Excessive heating - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Excessive heating of AISI 4140 steel - Heat treatment defects
Excessive loads - Bearing defects
Excessive loads - Bearing defects
Excessive loads - Bearing defects
Excessive melt-through (burn-through) - Welding defects
Excessive preload or overload - Bearing defects
Excessive preload or overload - Bearing defects
Excessive preload or overload - Bearing defects
Excessive quenching stress - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Excessive quenching-stress - Tool steels - Fractography
Excessive reinforcement - Welding defects
Excessive reinforcement - Welding defects
Excessive roller end heat - Bearing defects
Excessive solder - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Excessive stress - Tool steels - Fractography
Excessive wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Excessive wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Excessive wear - Machining defects
Excessive weld reinforcement - Welding defects
Excessively deep or weak scoreline - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Exfoliation corrosion - Fractography
Expansion scab - Casting defects
Explosion penetration - Casting defects
Explosion penetration - Mould - Casting defects
Extensive centerline shrinkag - Ingot defects
Extensive longitudinal crack in a stainless steel soot-blower line - Corrosion defects
Extensive segregation - Fractography
Extent of hardening - Heat treatment defects
Extent of the heat-affected zone produced during flame cutting - Heat treatment defects
External and internal surfaces of a 0.17 % C-steel billet cast without and with mould oscillation - Slab defects
External surface of economizer tube following dew-point corrosion - Corrosion defects
Extraneous rust - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Fading - Coating defects
Fading - Coating defects
Failed AISI H26 exhaust-valve punch - Fractography
Failed AISI S7 jewelry striking die - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Failed cast HH stainless steel furnace hook due sigma phase embrittlement - Fractography
Failed over-austenitized A2 rotary knife - Fractography
Failed over-austenitized A2 rotary knife - Heat treatment defects
Failed seam welded hot reheat pipe of grade 11 - Other defects
Failure along a massive manufacturing defect in the tube wall - Corrosion defects
Failure caused by a forging lap in a sledge-hammer head - Forging defects - Fractography
Failure caused by improper quenching - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Failure due to a band of carbides - Fractography
Failure matrix - Bearing defects
Failure of a cage and roller assembly - Bearing defects
Failure of a Hip posthesis - Fractography
Failure of a long I-beam. - Fractography - Rail defects
Failure of a piston in a marine engine - Fractography
Failure of a steam turbine - Fractography
Failure of bolts in a radar antenna system reflector joint - Fractography
Failure of wax barrier coat - Coating defects
Failures from ineffective sealing - Bearing defects
Failures from the passage of electric current - Bearing defects
Failures from vibration - Bearing defects
False brinelling - Bearing defects
False brinelling - Bearing defects
False brinelling - Bearing defects
False brinelling - Bearing defects
False brinelling - Bearing defects
False brinelling - Bearing defects
False brinelling - Bearing defects
False brinelling - Bearing defects
False brinelling occurs on rolling surface - Bearing defects
False brinelling occurs on the raceway - Bearing defects
False brinelling occurs on the raceway - Bearing defects
False brinelling of raceway surface at ball pitch - Bearing defects
False position caused by incompatibility of the flux - Powder coating - Coating defects
False seam - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Fat-arrears after pretreatment - Powder coating - Coating defects
Fatigue - Bearing defects
Fatigue - Bearing defects
Fatigue pre-crack and ductile fracture of 304 austenitic stainless steel CVN specimen - Fractography
Fatigue pre-crack and ductile fracture of a carbon steel CVN specimen - Fractography
Fatigue breakage - Gear defects - Other defects
Fatigue crack - Fractography
Fatigue crack - Gear defects - Other defects
Fatigue crack - Gear defects - Other defects
Fatigue crack - Pipeline defects
Fatigue crack in 304 stainless steel - Fractography
Fatigue crack in 304 stainless steel - Fractography
Fatigue crack in 304 stainless steel - Fractography
Fatigue crack in carbon steel - Fractography
Fatigue crack nucleation - Fractography defects
Fatigue cracks in 1 1/4-in.—diam hollow rock-drill steel - Tool steels - Fractography
Fatigue failure (pitting) - Gear defects - Other defects
Fatigue failure of eail at FAST - Fractography
Fatigue fracture at a screw - 1.5511 steel - Cold drawing defects
Fatigue fracture emanating from pit - Gear defects - Other defects
Fatigue fractures - Fractography
Fatigue fractures and origins - Fractography
Fatigue in 316 SS - Fractography
Fatigue or flaking (defect shown 2 - 3 mm) – unacceptable - Bearing defects
Fatigue or flaking – unacceptable - Bearing defects
Fatigue spall - Bearing defects
Fatigue started at shrinkage cavity - Fractography
Fatigue striations - Fractography
Fatique - Bearing defects
Fatique fracture - Bearing defects
Fatique striation patterns - Fractography
Faulty sealing compound I - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Faulty sealing compound II - Metal can defects - Coating defects
FeZn layer - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Feather - Heat treatment defects
Feathering - Dry abrasive blasting - Coating defects
Feathering/feather - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Feathering/feather - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Feathering/feather - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Feed rollers - Tool steels - Fractography
Feedwater supply could not meet boiler demand - Corrosion defects
Ferrite in the heat treated structure - Heat treatment defects
Fibers at the reclaim - Powder coating - Coating defects
Fibers in the powder coating surface - Powder coating - Coating defects
Filiform - Coating defects
Fillet - Casting defects
Fillet - Casting defects
Fillet scab - Casting defects
Fillet scabs - Casting defects
Fillet vein - Casting defects
Film build varies - Powder coating - Coating defects
Film thickness too high (ornateness) - Powder coating - Coating defects
Film thickness too low - Powder coating - Coating defects
Filter residues cause powder spitters - Powder coating - Coating defects
Fin - Ingot defects
Fine, striated grooves on front face of final-stage turbine blade caused by water-droplet impingement - Corrosion defects
Fingerprint corrosion - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Fins - Drawing defects
Fins - Ingot defects
Fins - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Fins and laps - Rolling defects
Fire crack marks - Ingot defects
Fire crack transfer marks - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Fire cracks - Rolling defects
Fire-side corrosion - Corrosion defects
Fire-crack - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
First stage reactor-Hydrocraking - Corrosion defects
Fish-boning - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Fish-tail - Rolling defects
Fisheye - Welding defects
Fisheye I - Fractography
Fisheye II - Fractography
Fisheye III - Fractography
Fisheye IV - Fractography
Fisheye V - Fractography
Fishtail mark - Rolling defects
Fishtails - Hot rolling defects
Fissure defects - Mould - Casting defects
Fissure frequency - Tool steels - EDM machining defects
Fixture made from AISI Ol tool steel that cracked during oil quenching - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Flakes - Forged bar - Forging defects
Flakes - Forging defects
Flakes - Tool steels - Heat treatment defects
Flakes in 34CrNiMo6 steel - Forging defects
Flakes of scale - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Flaking (spalling) - Bearing defects
Flaking - Coating defects
Flaking - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Flaking - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Flaking - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Flaking - Rail defects
Flaking - Rail defects
Flaking - Rail defects
Flaking caused by axial compression - Bearing defects
Flaking caused by deep seated rust - Bearing defects
Flaking caused by deep seated rust - Bearing defects
Flaking caused by fluting or craters - Bearing defects
Flaking caused by fluting or craters - Bearing defects
Flaking caused by fretting corrosion - Bearing defects
Flaking caused by indentations - Bearing defects
Flaking caused by misalignment - Bearing defects
Flaking caused by oval compression - Bearing defects
Flaking caused by preloading - Bearing defects
Flaking caused by smearing - Bearing defects
Flaking occurs around half of the circumference of the raceway surface - Bearing defects
Flaking occurs diagonally along raceway - Bearing defects
Flaking of ball surface - Bearing defects
Flaking of only one raceway over its entire circumference - Bearing defects
Flaking of only one raceway over its entire circumference - Bearing defects
Flaking of only one row of raceway - Bearing defects
Flaking of raceway at ball pitch - Bearing defects
Flaking of raceway at ball pitch - Bearing defects
Flaking of raceway at ball pitch - Bearing defects
Flaking/spalling - Gear defects - Other defects
Flame impingement – Local melting - Heat treatment defects
Flame-cut edge defects - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Flange burrs - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Flank wear - Machining defects
Flanking - Coating defects
Flash - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Flash - Ingot defects
Flash defect - Casting defects
Flash residue/Zinc wrap-around - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Flash/casting - Casting defects
Flash/core - Casting defects
Flat roll scratch - 1.4401 steel - Cold drawing defects
Flat roll scratch - 1.7034 steel - Cold drawing defects
Flat shoulder tool welded plate - Welding defects
Flatness - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Flatness defects - Rolling defects
Flattened rail - Rail defects
Flattened rail - Rail defects
Fleck scale - Rolling defects
Flecking - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Flocculation - Coating defects
Flooding - Coating defects
Flotation - Coating defects
Flow lines I - Forging defects
Flow lines II - Forging defects
Flow marks - Casting defects
Flow marks, crow's feet - Casting defects
Flowed rail - Rail defects
Fluid - Tandem mill inspection - Rolling defects
Fluid catalytic cracking-Mounting hardware for instrumentation-Stress corrosion - Corrosion defects
Fluid catalytic cracking-Regenerator-Carbonate stress corrosion cracking - Corrosion defects
Fluid drop - Tandem mill inspection - Rolling defects
Fluidization - the powder has to flow like water - Powder coating - Coating defects
Fluted body - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Fluting - Bearing defects
Fluting - Bearing defects
Fluting occurs on the raceway surface (High frequency) - Bearing defects
Fluting occurs on the raceway surface (High frequency) - Bearing defects
Flux inclusion - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Flux inclusions - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Flux stains - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Fly-ash erosion - Corrosion defects
Fold - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Fold - Pickling line - Rolling defects
Fold - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Folded strip edges - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Folds - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Foot imprint - Rolling defects
Forced fracture - Bearing defects
Foreign contamination inside - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Foreign material - Polishing defects
Foreign material in the surface - 1.7225 steel - Cold drawing defects
Foreign object damage of turbine blades - Fractography
Foreign particles in coating - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Forge burst - Forging defects
Forge crack - Forging defects
Forge lap - Rolling defects, forging defects
Forge laps in AISI 1030 steel - Forging defects
Forge laps in AISI 1045 steel - Forging defects
Forge non-consolidation - Forging defects
Forging burst - Forging defects
Forging bursts - Forging defects
Forging defects
Forging dies - Tool steel defects
Forging failure at the outer surface of a round bar - Steel tool defects
Forging lap - Forging defects
Forging lap - Forging defects
Forging lap on ski lift fixed jaw - Tool steel defects
Forging laps in large roll - Forging defects
Fork pad wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Fork shoe wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Formation of friction martensite at the drawing - 1.6582 steel - Cold drawing defects
Four high rolling mill
Fracture and cracking - Bearing defects
Fracture face of VLS crack - Rail defects
Fracture in welds because of weld imperfections (Bend test) - Welding defects
Fracture in welds because of weld imperfections (Tension test) - Welding defects
Fracture occurs at the cone back face rib - Bearing defects
Fracture occurs at the large rib - Bearing defects
Fracture occurs at the outer ring rib - Bearing defects
Fracture of high-speed steel bar after single quench - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Fracture of machined high-tension brass cage - Bearing defects
Fracture of pearlite vs. striations - Fractography
Fracture of pressed-steel cage-pocket - Bearing defects
Fracture of sensitized 304 stainless steel - Heat treatment defects
Fracture through Sigma phase - Heat treatment defects
Fracture – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Fracture – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Fractured bottom profile - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Fractured casting - Casting defects
Fractured pin and gripping cam made from AISI S5 tool steel - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Fractured seam - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Fractured section of an AISI W2 die insert that cracked during rehardening - Fractography
Fractured section of rail, showing smoothed surface of fractured web - Rail defects
Fractures and cracking - Bearing defects
Freckle - ESR ingot defects
Freckles in AL 15-5 stainless steel - Ingot defects
Freon cooling system-Compressor suction pipe-Galvanic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Fretting - Bearing defects
Fretting - Bearing defects
Fretting corrosion (sun pinion) - Gear defects - Other defects
Fretting corrosion - Bearing defects
Fretting corrosion - Bearing defects
Fretting corrosion - Bearing defects
Fretting corrosion - Bearing defects
Fretting occurs on the bore surface - Bearing defects
Fretting occurs on the raceway surface at roller pitch intervals - Bearing defects
Fretting on one race of each bearing - Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Fretting on outer diameter - Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Fretting wear - Fractography
Fretting wear of raceway and stepped wear on the rib face - Bearing defects
Friction martensite by a mechanical damage - Heat treatment defects
Friction martensite by scraping - Heat treatment defects
Friction-Induced martensite at adge of cracked air-wear scrap chopper knife - Fractography
Friction-Induced martensite layer at failure of origin in 4485 medart roll - Fractography
Friction-Induced martensite layer on rail head caused spalling - Fractography
Frictional oxidation - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Front view of an AISI O1 tool steel die that cracked during oil quenching - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Frosted raceway surface - Bearing defects
Frosting - Gear defects - Other defects
Frosting I - Gear defects - Other defects
Frosting II - Gear defects - Other defects
Full-scale CRB smearing test program I - Bearing defects
Full-scale CRB smearing test program II - Bearing defects
Full-scale CRB smearing test program III - Bearing defects
Furnace roll pimples - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Furrowing - Gear defects - Other defects
Fused-in extraneous matter - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Fusion - Casting defects
Fusion weld joint - Welding defects
Fusion or melting during heat treatment - Casting defects
Fusion-line cracks - Welding defects
Galling - Bearing defects
Gamma layer - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) - Welding defects
Gas cooler-Pipe-Chloride attack - Corrosion defects
Gas defects - Casting defects
Gas defects in casting - Casting defects
Gas inclusion - Welding defects
Gas piping system-Wall section-Stress corrosion - Corrosion defects
Gas porosity - Casting defects
Gas porosity - Casting defects
Gas pressure welds - Rail defects
Gas supply system-Underground coupling-Galvanic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Gas supply system-Underground pipe (bitumen-coated)-Stray current corrosion - Corrosion defects
Gas supply system-Underground pipe (wrapped in tape)-Sulphide corrosion - Corrosion defects
Gas trapping - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Gate on rollers-Tubular railings-Chloride attack - Corrosion defects
Gauge-corner shelling - Rail defects
Gauge-corner shelling - Rail defects
Gear micropitting - Gear defects - Other defects
Gear surface-temper failure - Gear defects - Other defects
Gear tooth profile terminology - Gear defects - Other defects
General corrosion - Pipeline defects
General location local corrosion - Pipeline defects
General location scar - Pipeline defects
General scheme of the remelting process (ESR) - Ingot defects
Generator rotor shaft - Other defects
Geometric pattern - Tool steels - Fractography - Machining defects
Geometric stress conc. (GSC) spalling - Bearing defects
Geometric stress concentration (GSC) spalling - Bearing defects
Geometrical defects - Pipeline defects
Glue plant-Autoclave charge pipe-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Gouging - Pipeline defects
Gouging along internal surface opposite fins - Corrosion defects
Grain boundary attack - 1.4301 steel - Cold drawing defects
Grain boundary attack - 1.4303 steel - Cold drawing defects
Grain boundary carbide networks caused the fracture of this carborized 1035 track wheel - Fractography
Grain boundary carbides in 1.2379 steel - Steel tool defects
Grain boundary damage - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Grain flow lines - Forging
Grain flow lines - Forging defects
Grain-flow pattern - Forging
Grains become coarse - Forged bar - Forging defects
Grainy appearance/spangling - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Graphite degeneration in GJL - Casting defects
Graphite degeneration in GJS - Casting defects
Graphite degeneration of the rim zone of castings made from GJS - Casting defects
Graphite degradation - Machining defects
Graphite flotation - Casting defects
Graphitic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Grating floors of an outdoor chemical plant- Part of a floor section-Atmospheric corrosion - Corrosion defects
Gray coating due to processing - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Gray coating due to temperature differences - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Grease or dirt pits - Other defects
Grey bar - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Greying caused by cleaning compounds - Powder coating - Coating defects
Grinder's scorch - Tool steels - Fractography - Machining defects
Grinding burns - Machining defects
Grinding crack on hard chromed steel shaft - Machining defects
Grinding cracks - 0.70C-0.40Si-2.15Mn-1.15Cr-1.15Mo steel - Machining defects
Grinding cracks - Gear defects - Other defects
Grinding cracks - Machining defects
Grinding cracks - Machining defects
Grinding cracks - Machining defects
Grinding cracks - Machining defects
Grinding cracks - Machining defects
Grinding cracks - Machining defects
Grinding cracks - Machining defects
Grinding cracks - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Grinding cracks - Tool steels - Fractography - Machining defects
Grinding cracks - Tool steels - Fractography - Machining defects
Grinding cracks and holes - Tool steels - Fractography - Machining defects
Grinding cracks caused by failure to temper a part - Machining defects - Fractography
Grinding cracks in AISI G-3500 gray iron - Machining defects
Grinding cracks-3% Cr cold work tool steel - Machining defects
Grinding cracks-network - Machining defects
Grinding defect - Tool steels - Machining defects
Grinding defect I - Tool steels - Fractography - Machining defects
Grinding defect II - Tool steels - Fractography - Machining defects
Grinding failure of 1.2842 tool steel - Steel tool defects
Grinding marks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Grinding off - Pipeline defects
Grinding vs. time - Rail defects
Grinning - Coating defects
Grinning - Coating defects
Gripper die - Tool steels - Fractography
Gripper die - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Grit inclusions - Coating defects
Groove (scratches) - Polishing defects
Groove (scratches) - Polishing defects
Groove defect by shelling at the roll - 1.7139 steel - Cold drawing defects
Grooved or flaky surface - ESR ingot defects
Grooves - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Grooving and perforation of a slanted tube - Corrosion defects
Grooving on pendant U-bend superheater leg caused by steam leaking - Corrosion defects
Growth - Coating defects
Guide marks - Hot rolling defects
H2 pores - ESR Ingot defects
H2S stripping tower-Hydrodesulfurisation - Corrosion defects
HF alkylation-Piping-HF stress corrosion cracking - Corrosion defects
Hammer marks - Welding defects
Handling and installation damage - Bearing defects
Handling damage resulting in nicks in the raceways – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Handling damage to the cage – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Handling damage to the roller body – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Hard spots - Casting defects
Hard spots - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Hardening stress crack - 1.7035 steel - Cold drawing defects
Hat crack - Welding defects
Haze - Polishing defects
Head and web separation - Rail defects
Head and web separation - Rail defects
Head and web separation - Rail defects
Head check - Rail defects
Head check defects - Rail defects
Head checking - Rail defects
Head checks - Rail defects
Head checks - Rail defects
Header die made from AISI Wl tool steel that failed prematurely in service - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Header dies used for hot-heading of bolts - Tool steels - Fractography
Heading die - Tool steels - Fractography
Heat buckle - Rolling defects
Heat checked surface of failed hot work die steel after extensive service - Fractography
Heat damage - Coating defects
Heat discoloration - Bearing defects
Heat exchanger-Attacked tube from bundle, with a new tube below it for comparison-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Heat scratches - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Heat-affected zone microstructure alteration - Welding defects
Heat-checked die - Casting defects
Heating system (with heating oil)-Valve bolts-Liquid metal embrittlement - Corrosion defects
Heavily pitted condensate line - Corrosion defects
Heavy case at both the ID and OD - Heat treatment defects
Heavy scale - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Herringbone, pock mark, mouse footmark - Welding defects
Hiding power (coverage, opacity) - Paint defects - Coating defects
High cycle fatigue - Gear defects - Other defects
High pressure boiler, fired with heavy oil-Furnace evaporator tube-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
High pressure boiler-Economizer pipe-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
High pressure boiler-Evaporator tube-Intergranular hydrogen attack - Corrosion defects
High spots - Rolling defects
High spots and fitting practices - Bearing defects
High temperature oxidation failure of aluminized steel heater tubes - Corrosion defects
High-pressure boiler-Spindle of high-pressure reducing valve for the sampling of boiler water-Erosion - Corrosion defects
High-speed steel (18-4-1 type) wheel-forming tool - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
High-speed steel reamer - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
High-vacuum distillation unit-Furnace tube-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
High-vacuum distillation unit-Process pipe-Sulphide corrosion - Corrosion defects
Hindered contraction - Casting defects
Hob marks - Gear defects - Other defects
Hobbing die - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Hobbled bullet - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Hole - Cold rolling defects
Hole - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Hole - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Hole - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Hole - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Hole - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Hole - Pickling line - Rolling defects
Hole - Polishing defects
Hole - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Hole - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Hole due sliver - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Hole in the ingot surface - Ingot defects
Holes - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Holes - Slab defects
Holes - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Holes - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Holes - Tandem mill inspection - Rolling defects
Holes/pull-out - Polishing defects
Holes/pits on tool surface - Polishing defects
Horizontal cracking - Rail defects
Horizontal cracking defects - Rail defects
Horizontal split head - Rail defects
Horizontal split head - Rail defects
Horizontal split head - Rail defects
Horizontal split head - Rail defects
Hot crack (crater crack, longitudinal crack, pear-shape crack, sulfur crack) - Welding defects
Hot crack - Casting defects
Hot crack - Casting defects
Hot cracking - Casting defects
Hot cracking - Welding defects
Hot cracking of plate during EB welding due to melting of Cu back-up plate macrostructure - Welding defects
Hot cracks - Ingot defects
Hot cracks - Slab defects
Hot cracks in macrosection of SA-Weld - Welding defects
Hot indentations - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Hot mill folds - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Hot short - Bearing defects
Hot shortness and burnt - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Hot spots - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Hot strip scratches - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Hot strip, pickling and cold strip scratches - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Hot tapwater system-Electrically heated coil-Stress corrosion (transgranular) - Corrosion defects
Hot tapwater system-Pipe section-Deposit attack - Corrosion defects
Hot tapwater system-Pipe section-Galvanic corrosion by cementation - Corrosion defects
Hot tapwater system-Pipe section-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Hot tapwater system-Pipe sections-Crevice corrosion - Corrosion defects
Hot tapwater system-Pipe-Galvanic corrosion (reversal of potential) - Corrosion defects
Hot tapwater system-Tube (sawn into pieces)-Galvanic corrosion (reversal of potential) - Corrosion defects
Hot tapwater system-Underground pipe section-Stray current corrosion - Corrosion defects
Hot tapwater system-Wall of hot water storage tank-Galvanic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Hot tear - Ingot defects
Hot tear in heat-affected zone of MIG welded HY-80 plate - Welding defects
Hot tear segregation - Slab defects
Hot tearing - Casting defects
Hot tears - Casting defects
Hot tears - Casting defects
Hot tears - Casting defects
Hot tears - Ingot defects
Hot top cavity - ESR ingot defects
Hot top design and its influence on feeder channel segregates in 100-ton steel ingot - Ingot defects
Hot water heating system (8 bar, 170°C) - Corrosion defects
Hot water system, 160 C-Heating tube from make-up water vessel-Galvanic corrosion (reversal of potential) - Corrosion defects
Hot-rolled strip - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Hot-shortness - Hot rolling defects
Hot-strip scratches - Rolling defects
Housing bearing bore wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Hydrochloric acid transport pipe-Metal strengthener around plastic bellows-Stress corrosion - Corrosion defects
Hydrodesulfurizer unit-Gas oil heater-Creep and cracks - Corrosion defects
Hydrofluoric alkylation plant-Wall-Cold hydrogen attack - Corrosion defects
Hydrogen induced HAZ cracking - Welding defects
Hydrogen assisted cold crack - Welding defects
Hydrogen assisted cracking - Casting defects
Hydrogen blister in structural web steel - Fractography
Hydrogen damage - Corrosion defects
Hydrogen damage - Corrosion defects
Hydrogen embrittlement - Fractography
Hydrogen embrittlement - Fractography
Hydrogen embrittlement - Other defects
Hydrogen embrittlement, delayed fractures - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Hydrogen embrittlement Failure of a rocket suspension lug - Fractography
Hydrogen flake in 34CrNiMo6 steel - Forging defects
Hydrogen flakes - Forging defects
Hydrogen flakes - Fractography
Hydrogen flakes I - Ingot defects
Hydrogen flakes II - Ingot defects
Hydrogen flakes in 4142 screw shaft - Fractography
Hydrogen flakes on 4140 alloy steel plate (flame cut) - Fractography
Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) - Welding defects
Hydrogen pinholes - Casting defects
Hydrogen-induced cracks - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Hydroid – Tubularia - Marine fouling - Coating defects
Ident - Cold rolling defects
Idle-time corrosion occurring beneath refractory - Corrosion defects
Images of the final surfaces of material ESR - Polishing defects
Impact damage - Coating defects
Impact damage - Coating defects
Impact load - Cracks and chips - Bearing defects
Impact load - Flaking at intervals on ball pitch - Bearing defects
Impact load - Retainer broken - Bearing defects
Impact load - Seizure caused by chios and ribs - Bearing defects
Imperfect shape - Welding defects
Imprint - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Improper EDM caused failure of this AISI A2 blanking die - Machining defects
Improper adjustment - Seizure at roller end surface - Bearing defects
Improper adjustment - Smearing - Bearing defects
Improper feeding of stock - Tool steels - Fractography
Improper fit - Creep - Bearing defects
Improper fit - Fretting corrosion - Bearing defects
Improper fit - Scuffing - Bearing defects
Improper fit in housings or shafts - Bearing defects
Improper grain flow - Forging defects
Improper handling - Bearing defects
Improper installation - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Improper lubrication - Heat discoloration - Bearing defects
Improper lubrication - Scuffing - Bearing defects
Improper lubrication - Wear - Bearing defects
Improper mounting - Bearing defects
Improper shifting I - Gear defects - Other defects
Improper shifting II - Gear defects - Other defects
Improper shrinkage allowance - Casting defects
Improper steel chemistry - Other defects
Improper steel chemistry - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Improper tire mounting lubricant - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Improper weld contour - Welding defects
Improper weld contour - Welding defects
Inadequate annealing - Heat treatment defects
Inadequate joint penetration - Welding defects
Inadequate lubrication - Bearing defects
Inadequate lubrication I - Gear defects - Other defects
Inadequate lubrication II - Gear defects - Other defects
Inadequate zinc adhesion (Cold adhesion) - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Inappropriate basket-pretreatment - Powder coating - Coating defects
Incipient melting - Heat treatment defects
Incipient melting of M2 high-speed steel - Heat treatment defects
Inclusion - Slab defects
Inclusion defect - Casting defects
Inclusion of foreign metal - Casting defects
Inclusion of foreign metal - Casting defects
Inclusion origin spalling - Bearing defects
Inclusion origin spalling - Bearing defects
Inclusion stringers - Blue fracture test - Heat treatment defects
Inclusions (slag, wagontracks, tungsten) - Welding defects
Inclusions - Welding defects
Inclusions - Welding defects
Inclusions of pickle and flux residues - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Inclusions trapped in a spherical sand trap - Casting defects
Inclusions – sand - Casting defects
Inclusions – slag - Casting defects
Incompatible coatings - Coating defects
Incomplete & excessive penetration - Welding defects
Incomplete bottom profile - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Incomplete casting - Casting defects
Incomplete curl - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Incomplete flange I - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Incomplete flange II - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Incomplete forging penetration - Forging defects
Incomplete fusion - Welding defects
Incomplete fusion - Welding defects
Incomplete fusion - Welding defects
Incomplete fusion - Welding defects
Incomplete fusion - Welding defects
Incomplete joint penetration - Welding defects
Incomplete joint penetration - Welding defects
Incomplete or insufficient penetration - Welding defects
Incomplete or insufficient penetration - Welding defects
Incorect coating system I - Coating defects
Incorect coating system II - Coating defects
Incorrect grease - Bearing defects
Incorrect installation - Bearing defects
Indentation - Bearing defects
Indentation - Forging defects
Indentation Brinelling – Marginal - Bearing defects
Indentation marks - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Indentations - Maximum permissible - Bearing defects
Indentations and protuberances - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Indentations caused by faulty mounting or overloading - Bearing defects
Indentations caused by foreign particles - Bearing defects
Indentations caused by scale of external origin - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Indentations occurring during cold forming - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Indentations occurring during hot forming - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Indentations on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Indentations – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Indentats by handling - Bearing defects
Indications on turbine blade - Ferrite stringers
Induction hardening of gear teeth - Heat treatment defects
Industrial fallout - Paint defects - Coating defects
Infiltration caused by an insufficient pretreatment - Powder coating - Coating defects
Infiltration caused by chemical exposure - Powder coating - Coating defects
Influence of anvil shape of surface crack generation in large hot forging process - Forging defects
Influence of cutting speed in turned surfaces - Machining defects
Influence of torch position on formation of lack of fusion I - Welding defects
Influence of torch position on formation of lack of fusion II - Welding defects
Influencing parameters during the polishing process - Polishing defects
Ingate hot crack - Casting defects
Ingot cracks - Ingot defects
Ingot head tension crack - Ingot defects
Ingot pattern and pits - Forging defects
Ingot segregations - Ingot defects
Ingot surface – Ingot 1.1. - Ingot defects
Ingot surface – Ingot 1.2. - Ingot defects
Ingot surface – Ingot 2.1. - Ingot defects
Ingot surface – Ingot 2.2. - Ingot defects
Ingot surface – Ingot 3.1. - Ingot defects
Ingot surface – Ingot 3.2. - Ingot defects
Ingot surface – Ingot 4.1. - Ingot defects
Ingot surfaces - Ingot defects
Initial (corrective) pitting - Gear defects - Other defects
Initial pitting - Gear defects - Other defects
Initial pitting - Gear defects - Other defects
Initial scoring - Gear defects - Other defects
Inner ring fretting both sides – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Inner ring fretting one side – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Insect marks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Installation damage around location pin hole – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Insufficient through-hardening - Heat treatment defects
Insufficient austenitization at the quenching - Heat treatment defects
Insufficient cleaning - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Insufficient degreasing - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Insufficient fill - Welding defects
Insufficient fill on the root side (suckback) - Welding defects
Insufficient fill or under fill - Welding defects
Insufficient overlap - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Insufficient solder - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Insufficient wet out caused by corrision - Powder coating - Coating defects
Insufficient wet out caused by oilcoal - Powder coating - Coating defects
Insufficient wet out of the substrate - Powder coating - Coating defects
Intercoat contamination - Coating defects
Intercrystalline corrosion - 1.4105 steel - Cold drawing defects
Intercrystalline crack - Rolling defects
Interdendritic microsegregation - Slab defects
Intergranular SCC in 304 stainless steel - Fractography
Intergranular SCC in 4340 alloy steel - Corrosion defects
Intergranular corrosion - Casting defects
Intergranular crack resulting from hydrogen embrittlement - Other defects
Intergranular cracks - Hard chome coating - Coating defects
Intergranular fracture of Ni-base alloy - Fractography
Intergranular rinsing load fracture - Fractography
Internal LME during hot rolling of this high-Cu bearing structural steel I - Rolling defects
Internal LME during hot rolling of this high-Cu bearing structural steel II - Rolling defects
Internal cracking in over-heated 4147 modified compressor disc - Forging defects
Internal defect in rolled part - Rolling defects
Internal defects in continuously cast products - Slab defects
Internal or blind shrinkage - Casting defects
Internal shrinkage cavities - Casting defects
Internal shrinkage cavity/micro shrinkage cavity - Casting defects
Internal slab defects - Causes - Slab defects
Internal surface of condensate line - Corrosion defects
Internal surface of downcomer tube showing oxygen-assisted chelant corrosion - Corrosion defects
Internal surface of tube showing oval-shaped replacement window welded into place - Welding defects - Corrosion defects
Internal sweating, phosphide sweat - Casting defects
Internal sweating, cold short, short iron - Casting defects
Interrupted pour - Casting defects
Interruption in the physical continuity of the slab casting
Inverse chill - Casting defects
Inverted inside coating - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Iron oxide - Corrosion defects
Iron oxide - Polishing defects
Iron particles - Cold rolling defects
Irregular contraction - Casting defects
Isolated slag inclusions - Welding defects
Jaggedness associated with severe acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Joint flash defect - Casting defects
Joint flash or fins - Casting defects
Jumped seam - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Ketchup plant-Part of cast pump casing-Chloride attack - Corrosion defects
Ketchup plant-Product pipelines-Stress corrosion (transgranular) - Corrosion defects
Key tab not properly tucked - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Key tab seamed to inside - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Knob - Pipeline defects
Knocked-down curl - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Knocked-down end - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Knocked-down flange - Metal can defects - Coating defects
LMAC - Coating defects
LMAC - Welding defects
LME of 1072 axle by copper - Fractography
Laboratory test specimens - Cu induced liquid metal embrittlement - Fractography
Lack of fusion and penetration - Welding defects
Lack of alloying penetration - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Lack of fusion and incomplete penetration - Welding defects
Lack of fusion, insufficient through-weld - Welding defects
Lack of fusion, lack of penetration or excess penetration - Welding defects
Lack of lubrication - Fractography
Lack of lubrication - Gear defects - Other defects
Lack of penetration - Welding defects
Lack of penetration in a welded tube - Welding defects
Lack of penetration in a welded tube - Welding defects
Lactic acid storage tank-Base (with drain)-Deposit attack - Corrosion defects
Lamella crack formation through welding shrinkage - Welding defects
Lamellar tearing - Welding defects
Lamellar tearing - Welding defects
Lamellar tearing - Welding defects
Lamellar tearing - Welding defects
Lamellar tearing - Welding defects
Lamellar tearing in the heat-affected zone of a C-Mn steel - Welding defects
Lamellar tearing in the heat-affected zone of a C-Mn steel corner joint - Welding defects
Lamellar tearing of structural steel - Welding defects
Laminated plate - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Lamination - Cold rolling defects
Lamination - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Lamination - Other defects
Lamination - Tinning - Rolling defects
Laminations - Rolling defects
Laminations - Rolling defects
Laminations - Welding defects
Laminations or shelling - Coating defects
Laminations, surface shelling or hackles - Surface conditions - Coating defects
Landslid - Pipeline defects
Lap formation in a hot forging - Forging defects
Lap in 8 Lb sledge – AISI S4 tool steel - Fractography
Lap, seams, freckle defects - Forging defects
Lapped grinding I - Pipeline defects
Lapped grinding II - Pipeline defects
Laps - Drawing defects
Laps - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Laps - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Laps - Hot rolling defects
Laps - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Large brittle fracture of steel part - Fractography
Large non-metallic inclusions - Generator rotor shaft - Forging defects
Large non-metallic inclusions - Forging defects
Large slag line - 1.5919 steel - Cold drawing defects
Large spalls - Bearing defects
Large v-block - Casting defects
Large voids - Hard chrome defects - Coating defects
Large wall section blown out of a hydrogen-damaged tube - Corrosion defects
Large, fish-mouth rupture of rifled nose-arch tube - Corrosion defects
Large, wide-open rupture in a superheater tube of a waste-heat boiler - Corrosion defects
Laser cutting edge defects - Machining defects
Lateral (gauge corner) wear - Rail defects
Lateral wear - Rail defects
Lead dross - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Letter stamp die - Tool steels - Fractography
Light wear/fretting – Acceptable - Bearing defects
Light wear/fretting – Marginal - Bearing defects
Line spall in haedened steel roll - Fractography
Line-stop fault - Pickling line - Rolling defects
Linear misalignment - Welding defects
Linear slag inclusions - Welding defects
Lines with strong pickling attack - 1.4401 steel - Cold drawing defects
Lip fractures - Bearing defects
Liquid penetrant test - Ingot defects
Liquid-metal assisted cracking - Fractography
List of anodizing defects - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Localized melting at the surface of a part made from AISI M2 tool steel - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Localized metal loss in a bend of a condensate return header - Corrosion defects
Localized scoring - Gear defects - Other defects
Long-pitch corrugations - Rail defects
Longitudinal and transverse cracks - Slab defects
Longitudinal and transverse fissures near rolled end - Corrosion defects
Longitudinal bow - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Longitudinal cavity - Slab defects
Longitudinal central crack of type II - Slab defects
Longitudinal corrosion - Pipeline defects
Longitudinal crack in an economizer tube - Corrosion defects
Longitudinal crack - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Longitudinal crack - Rolling defects
Longitudinal crack - Welding defects
Longitudinal cracks - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Longitudinal cracks - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Longitudinal cracks - Slab defects
Longitudinal cracks - Slab defects
Longitudinal cracks - Slab defects
Longitudinal cracks on surface and edge areas - Ingot defects
Longitudinal depression - Slab defects
Longitudinal depressions - Slab defects
Longitudinal fissure adjacent to stud - Corrosion defects
Longitudinal fissure running from the edge of a large, wide-open rupture. - Corrosion defects
Longitudinal fissures along hot side - Corrosion defects
Longitudinal fractures - Slab defects
Longitudinal line defect - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Longitudinal pitting - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Longitudinal scar - Pipeline defects
Longitudinal scoring - Ingot defects
Longitudinal scoring - Ingot defects
Longitudinal shell stripes - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Longitudinal splitting - Heat treatment defects
Longitudinal surface crack - Slab defects
Longitudinal surface cracks - Hot rolling defects
Longitudinal vertical cracking - Rail defects
Longitudinal vs. transverse cracks - Welding defects
Longitudinally split blowdown line with severe localized metal loss caused by cavitation - Corrosion defects
Loose fits - Bearing defects
Loose fits - Bearing defects
Loose seams - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Loran tower eyebolt failure - Fractography
Loss of adhesion - Coating defects
Loss of gloss/matting - Paint defects - Coating defects
Loss of section - Coating defects
Low cycle fatigue (over load) - Gear defects - Other defects
Low hardening temperature I - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Low hardening temperature II - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Low hardness in a cut workpiece - Machining defects
Low-pH gouging - Corrosion defects
Lubricant degradation - Bearing defects
Lubricant failure - Bearing defects
Lubricant failure - Bearing defects
Lubricant failure - Bearing defects
Lug/mould damage - Casting defects
Lump - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Lustrous carbon - Casting defects
Lustrous carbon film - Casting defects
Lustrous carbon films, or kish tracks - Casting defects
Lustrous carbon inclusions - Mould - Casting defects
M-Defect - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
M-defects - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
MIG fusion welds in ASTM A517 steel using three different heat inputs
MT inspection of Head Check - Rail defects
Machining defect caused by thread forming - Machining defects
Machining surface defect - AISI 1215 steel - Machining defects
Macro segregation - 500 kg ingot - Ingot defects
Macro segregation in ingots - Ingot defects
Macro- or microshrinkage, shrinkage porosity, leakers - Casting defects
Macroetch features of consumable electrode remelted steels - ESR ingot defects
Macroetch showing decarburized surface of steel bar - Forging defects
Macroetched (10% aqueous nitric acid) face of a cutter blade made from AISI S7 steel - Fractography
Macropitting - Bearing defects
Macroporosity - Casting defects
Macroscale fractographic features - Other defects
Macroscopic features in continuously cast metals - Slab defects
Macroscopic features in wrought ingot products - Forging defects
Macroscopic metallic inclusions - ESR ingot defects
Macrosegregation - Ingot defects
Macrosegregation and shrinkage cavity - Ingot defects
Macrosegregation in steel ingot - Ingot defects
Macrosegregation in steel strands and ingots - Ingot defects
Macrostructure - Welding defects
Macrostructure and hardness of MIG welds in ASTM A36 and A517 structural steels
Macrostructure and microstructure of a spot weld in carbon sheet steel
Macrostructure martensitic chromium steel with and without stirring - Slab defects
Macrostructure observed by with ultrasonic treatment - Ingot defects
Macrostructure of ESR ingot - ESR ingot defects
Macrostructure of a hydrogen-induced root crack in the heat-affected zone of a weld in an Fe-0.2%C-1.43%Mn-0.15%Si-0.015%Nb steel
Macrostructure of the crosswise - Slab defects
Macrostructure of the slab before and after the adjustment of the secondary cooling - Slab defects
Macrostructure of the three MIG welds in ASTM A517 steel - Welding defects
Macrostructure of transverse billet section of 15-5PH steel - Ingot defects
Macrostructure of welds - Welding defects
Macrostructures of a round section of AISI 304 grade (with and without EMS) - Slab defects
Magnetism - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Magnetite blisters - Corrosion defects
Malformed or incomplete abuse bead - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Manganese oil-hardening steel die which cracked in heat—treatment - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Mannesmann ratings - Slab defects
Mannesmann ratings chart - Slab defects
Manufacturing defect leading to fracture - Rail defects
Many pits occur due to electrical corrosion and waveshaped wear on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Marginal and central internal fissures - Slab defects
Marks - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Massive fracture along weld bead resulting from weld-related graphitization - Welding defects - Corrosion defects
Massive free carbides - Casting defects
Massive rupture of tube along a weld-seam defect - Corrosion defects
Massive ruptures - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Massive thick-walled fracture caused by creep - Corrosion defects
Material breaks at the drawing - 1.2249 steel - Cold drawing defects
Matrix deviation in castings made from GJS - Casting defects
Mechanical damage - 1.7225 steel - Cold drawing defects
Mechanical damage - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Mechanical damage - Pipeline defects
Mechanical damage - Pipeline defects
Mechanical damage - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Mechanical damage defect - Casting defects
Mechanical damage of the surface - 1.7076 steel - Cold drawing defects
Mechanical defect - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Mechanical deformation - Pipeline defects
Mechanical fault - Pickling line - Rolling defects
Mechanical pore formation - Welding defects
Medium scale (scale pits) - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Melt-through - Welding defects
Melting - Other defects
Mercaptan transport system-Pipe section-Corrosion underneath insulation - Corrosion defects
Metal dusting I - Corrosion defects
Metal dusting II - Corrosion defects
Metal dusting III - Corrosion defects
Metal embrittlement - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Metal expansion penetration - Casting defects
Metal expansion penetration - Casting defects
Metal expansion penetration - Casting defects
Metal fin - ESR ingot defects
Metal loss - Pipeline defects
Metal loss from strong acid - Corrosion defects
Metal loss from the external surface near a longitudinally oriented fin - Corrosion defects
Metal particles oxidate at the cleaning - Powder coating - Coating defects
Metal penetration - Casting defects
Metal penetration - Casting defects
Metal penetration - Casting defects
Metal penetration - Casting defects
Metal penetration - Mould - Casting defects
Metal splashes - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Metallic chrome plated surface - Coating defects
Metallic inclusions - Ingot defects
Metallic inclusions - Casting defects
Metallographic section from the AISI P20 mold - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Metallurgical anomalies - Pipeline defects
Methods for preventing defect propagation - Rolling defects
Metalic projection - Casting defects
Micro shrinkage cavity with oxide layers (draw) - Casting defects
Micro-cavities - Mould - Casting defects
Micro-cracked chrome layer - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Micro-pitting (frosting) - Gear defects - Other defects
Micro-shrinkage - Slab defects
Microcracks - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Micropitting and macropitting - Gear defects - Other defects
Micropitting/macropitting - Gear defects - Other defects
Microscale fractography features - Other defects
Microstructural characteristics of overheating - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Microstructure deformation by scalping - Machining defects
Microstructure of DSS 329 mod. - Heat treatment defects
Microstructure of hot-dip galvanized coating - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Microstructure of the weld - 20Cb3 Austenitic stainless steel
Microstructure of the weld in a spot weld made in deep-drawing quality C –Mn sheet steel
Microstructures of the weld - 17-7PH stainless steel
Microstructures of the weld - 312 stainless steel
Microstructures of the weld - 350 MPaHSLA sheet steel
Microstructures of the weld - 439 ferritic stainless steel
Microstructures of the weld - 7-Mo PLUS duplex stainless steel
Microstructures of the weld - 8620 alloy steel
Microstructures of the weld - AH-36 ship steel
Microstructures of the weld - AISI 1018 and 1045 carbon steels
Microstructures of the weld - AISI 1018 carbon steel
Microstructures of the weld - AL6XN austenitic stainless steel
Microstructures of the weld - C – Mn sheet steel
Microstructures of the weld - Carbon steel
Microstructures of the weld - Carbon steel
Microstructures of the weld - Carbon steel T-shaped weld
Microstructures of the weld - HSLA-100 plate steel
Microstructures of the weld - Laser welds in sheet steel
Microstructures of the weld - Low carbon and HSLA steels
Microstructures of the weld - Martensitic stainless steel
Microstructures of the weld - SAE 1006 carbon steel
Microstructures of the weld - SAE 1020 carbon steel
Midway cracks - Slab defects
Mild abrasion - Gear defects - Other defects
Mild abrasion - Gear defects - Other defects
Mild polishing wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Milk products storage and distribution system-Conveyor plate-Attack by alkaline water - Corrosion defects
Mill defects - Rail defects
Mill scale - Surface conditions - Coating defects
Mill/constr. defects - Pipeline defects
Milling cutter - Tool steels - Fractography
Milling cutters - Tool steels - Fractography
Mini-spanglizer - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Mis runs and cold shuts - Casting defects
Mis-locked side seam - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Mis-notch - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Misalignment (hi-lo) - Welding defects
Misalignment (hi-lo) - Welding defects
Misalignment (inclination of bearings) - Flaking on oppossite faces raceway - Bearing defects
Misalignment (inclination of bearings) - Retainer broken - Bearing defects
Misalignment (inclination of bearings) - Symmetrical fretting - Bearing defects
Misalignment - Bearing defects
Misalignment - Bearing defects
Misalignment - Bearing defects
Misalignment - Bearing defects
Misalignment and inaccurate seat and shoulder machining - Bearing defects
Misalignment failure - Casting defects
Misembossing - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Mishandling - Dents on retainer - Bearing defects
Mishandling - Flaking at intervals on roller pitch - Bearing defects
Mishandling - Scratches/scuffing - Bearing defects
Mishandling - Scuffing on bore surface - Bearing defects
Mismatch - Casting defects
Mismatch - Casting defects
Mismatch in core/shifted core - Casting defects
Mismatch in core/shifted core - Casting defects
Mismatch in mold - Casting defects
Mismatch in mold - Casting defects
Misrun - Casting defects
Misrun - Casting defects
Misrun - Casting defects
Misses/skips/holidays - Coating defects
Missing topcoat - Coating defects
Mn segregation in 4340 VAR steel - Ingot defects
Moderate adhesive wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Moderate scoring - Gear defects - Other defects
Moderate scoring - Gear defects - Other defects
Moderate wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Moderate wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Modes of gear failures - Gear defects - Other defects
Moil point made of AISI Wl tool steel that exhibited a rough, scaled surface after heat treatment - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Moisture blisters - Paint defects - Coating defects
Moisture corrosion - Bearing defects
Moisture corrosion - Bearing defects
Mold burned onto ingot 1.1. - Ingot defects
Mold burned onto ingot 1.2. - Ingot defects
Mold burned onto ingot 2.1. - Ingot defects
Mold burned onto ingot 2.2. - Ingot defects
Mold burned onto ingot 3.1. - Ingot defects
Mold burned onto ingot 3.2. - Ingot defects
Mold burned onto ingot 4.1. - Ingot defects
Mold drop - Casting defects
Mold drop or sticker - Casting defects
Molding material defects - Casting defects
Mortar residues on the powder coat layer (microscope view) - Powder coating - Coating defects
Mortar residues on the powder coat layer - Powder coating - Coating defects
Mould damage - Casting defects
Mud cracking - Coating defects
Mud cracking - Coating defects
Multiple cracks - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Multiple cracks - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Multiple spall - Bearing defects
Multiple stage ruptures - Rail defects
Multiple, abrupt bulges on the hot face of a waterwall tube of a recovery boiler - Corrosion defects
Necked-in can - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Neglect - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Network cracks - Slab defects
Network cracks in zinc coatings - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Nicked rail - Rail defects
Nitriding - Heat treatment defects
Nitrogen pinholes - Casting defects
No adhesion of the top coat caused by directed heated gas oven - Powder coating - Coating defects
No earthing at multi coated hooks - Powder coating - Coating defects
No heat treatment - Heat treatment defects
No second operation - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Nomenclature of rail - Rail defects
Non-metallic inclusions - ESR ingot defects
Non-metallic inclusions - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Non-uniform heat transfer in AISI 1045 steel - Heat treatment defects
Non-uniform heating of AISI 4140 steel - Heat treatment defects
Non-metallic inclusion - Forged bar - Forging defects
Non-metallic inclusions - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Non-metallic inclusions - Slab defects
Non-metallic inclusions - Slab defects
Non-uniform heat transfer - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Non-uniform heat transfer - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Non-uniform heating - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Non-metallic inclusions - Ingot defects
Normal dedendum wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Normal fatigue - Bearing defects
Normal fatigue failure - Bearing defects
Normal fatique failure - Bearing defects
Normal growth patterns - Rail defects
Normal wear - Bearing defects
Normal wear - Bearing defects
Notable fretting occurs over entire circumference of bore surface - Bearing defects
Notcher trim still attached - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Nozzle smears (knife smears) - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Nozzle streaks (knife marks) - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Nut tap failures - Tool steels - Fractography
Off register body blank coating - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Offset spalling - Gear defects - Other defects
Oil contamination - Surface conditions - Coating defects
Oil cooler-Heat exchanger plates-Crevice corrosion - Corrosion defects
Oil distillation plant-Column wall-Corrosion underneath insulation - Corrosion defects
Oil mark - Rolling defects
Oil marks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Oil starvation - Bearing defects
Oil-ash corrosion - Corrosion defects
Oilcoal caused by welding work - Powder coating - Coating defects
Old joints - Pipeline defects
Old muffle design - Other defects
Once-through cooling system-Flange from conveyor line-Sulphide corrosion - Corrosion defects
Once-through cooling water system-Heat exchanger-Galvanic corrosion (with general corrosion and crevice corrosion) - Corrosion defects
One-side edge waves - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Open center condition - Slab defects
Open or external shrinkage - Casting defects
Open or weak lap - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Open pipe condition and segregation - Forging defects
Open weld - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Orange peel - Coating defects
Orange peel - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Orange peel - Polishing defects
Orange peel - Polishing defects
Orange peel - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Orange peel - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Orange peel effect - Powder coating - Coating defects
Orange peel, metal mold reaction, alligator skin - Casting defects
Orange peel/texture - Paint defects - Coating defects
Orange peeling - Coating defects
Ordinary break - Rail defects
Ordinary crack - Pipeline defects
Origin is directly beneath the raceway surface - Bearing defects
Oscillation marks - Slab defects
Oscillation marks I - Slab defects
Oscillation marks II - Slab defects
Other rolled-in extraneous matter - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Out-of-square body - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Outer ring fracture - Bearing defects
Outside diameter corrosion – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Outside surface crack developing on the raceway - Bearing defects
Oval bars - Slab defects
Ovality - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Ovality - Pipeline defects
Over heating - Bearing defects
Overfill, flipper, springer, and swell - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Overfilled - Hot rolling defects
Overfilling - Bearing defects
Overheated V-Nb plate steel - Fractography
Overheating - Bearing defects
Overheating - Bearing defects
Overheating - Bearing defects
Overheating test series ASTM A508 class II forging grade - Fractography - Forging defects
Overlap - Welding defects
Overlap - Welding defects
Overlap - Welding defects
Overlap - Welding defects
Overlap - Welding defects
Overlap - Welding defects
Overlap and fishtail - Rolling defects
Overlap by an surface near slag - 1.4105 steel - Cold drawing defects
Overlapping - Bearing defects
Overlay fatigue - Bearing defects
Overload - Bearing defects
Overload breakage - Gear defects - Other defects
Overnitrided surface of 1.2379 steel - Steel tool defects
Overpickled surface - 1.4305 steel - Cold drawing defects
Overspray - Coating defects
Oxide inclusion or skins, seams - Casting defects
Oxide lines - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Oxide scale - Casting defects
Oxide scale - Rolling defects
Oxide scaleon the surface - Rolling defects
Oxide skin - Casting defects
Oxyacetylene welding - Welding defects
Oxygen pits in section of superheater tube - Corrosion defects
Oxygen pits on internal surface - Corrosion defects
Oxygen pitting on the external surface of fire tube - Corrosion defects
PVC plant-Process pipeline-Stress corrosion (transgranular) underneath insulation - Corrosion defects
Panel cracks - Ingot defects
Panelling - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Paper corrosion I - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Paper corrosion II - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Paper mill-Pulp transport pipeline-Galvanic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Parallel band impression - Cold rolling defects
Parallel grinding cracks - Tool steels - Fractography - Machining defects
Part of a thick-walled rupture in a superheater tube - Corrosion defects
Partial renewed formation of pearlite - Heat treatment defects
Partial smearing occurs circumferentially on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Partial smearing occurs circumferentially on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Partially hardened core microstructure - Heat treatment defects
Patch of hard iron oxides on internal surface - Corrosion defects
Patchy/streaky phosphatizing - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Pattern error - Casting defects
Pattern mounting error - Casting defects
Peak/raising - Polishing defects
Peaked can - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Peeled chrome - Hard chrome plating - Coating defects
Peeled chrome - Hard chrome plating - Coating defects
Peeling - Bearing defects
Peeling - Coating defects
Peeling - Coating defects
Peeling - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Peeling - Paint and coating defects
Peeling chrome - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Peeling occurs near the shoulder of the raceway over the entire circumference - Bearing defects
Peeling problems - Paint defects - Coating defects
Penetration - Casting defects
Penetration - Mould - Casting defects
Perforation in a region of severe metal loss - Corrosion defects
Perforation resulting from corrosion of internal surface - Corrosion defects
Periodic defect (roll mark) - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Peroxide staining from hardener in polyester body filler - Paint defects - Coating defects
Phosphate marks on the cold strip face - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Phosphating layer defects - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Pick ups I - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Pick ups II - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Pick-up - Other defects
Pickle patch - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Pickling blisters - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Pickling corrosion - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Pickling pits - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Pickling scratches - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Pillar fractures of pressed-steel cage - Bearing defects
Pimple sequence/pimple chain - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Pimple sequences - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Pimples - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Pimples - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Pimples - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Pin hole - Slab defects
Pin hole porosity - Casting defects
Pin holes - Rolling defects
Pin holes - Slab defects
Pin holes - Slab defects
Pin-Hole - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Pinch - Tandem mill inspection - Rolling defects
Pinch - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Pinch - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Pinch mark - Cold rolling defects
Pinch marks - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Pinch marks/folds/stripes - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Pinch marks/fold - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Pinch tree - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Pincher - 1.2381 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pincher - 1.2842 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pincher - 1.4016 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pincher - 1.4104 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pincher - 1.4113 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pincher - 1.7034 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pincher - 1.7076 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pinhole - Casting defects
Pinhole and bubble type defects - Coating defects
Pinhole cratering - Coating defects
Pinholes - Casting defects
Pinholes - Coating defects
Pinholes - Coating defects
Pinholes - Mould - Casting defects
Pinholes - Paint defects - Coating defects
Pinholes - Rolling defects
Pinholes - Substrate preparation - Paint defects - Coating defects
Pinholes caused by too coarse steel resources - Powder coating - Coating defects
Pipe - Ingot defects
Pipe - Ingot defects
Pipe - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Pipe and porosity - Ingot defects
Pipe lamination - Rolling defects
Pipe lamination - Rolling defects
Pipe steel centerline defect in wrought steel bar - Forging defects
Piped rail - Rail defects
Piped rail - Rail defects
Piped rail - Rail defects
Pit - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Pit-shaped rust on rolling contact surface - Bearing defects
Pits on polished face of AISI A2 tool steel mold - Polishing defects
Pits on polished face of AISI A2 tool steel mould - Polishing defects
Pits/voids - Polishing defects
Pitted steel posts refurbished by galvanizing - Coating defects
Pitting - Corrosion defects
Pitting - Gear defects - Other defects
Pitting - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Pitting - Hard chrome plating - Coating defects
Pitting - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Pitting - Pipeline defects
Pitting - Polishing defects
Pitting - Polishing defects
Pitting corrosion - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Pitting corrosion - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Pitting from climatic conditions - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Pitting mark - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Pitting occurs on the raceway surface - Bearing defects
Pitting occurs on the rolling element surface - Bearing defects
Pitting on mold cavity - Tool steel defects
Pitting, scoring and galling - Gear defects - Other defects
Plain dents - Pipeline defects
Planet gear snap-ring wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Planet-bearing shaft wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Planner discontinuities - Pipeline defects
Plastic deformation - Bearing defects
Plastic deformation - Bearing defects
Plastic deformation - Bearing defects
Plastic flow - Gear defects - Other defects
Plastic flow - Rail defects
Plastic flow - cold flow - Gear defects - Other defects
Plastic flow and tongue lipping - Rail defects
Plastic flow – Ridging/Grooving - Gear defects - Other defects
Plastic mold die made from AISI S7 tool steel that was found to be cracked before use - Machining defects - Fractography
Plate damage due to corrosion of base material - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Plate stain - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Plate surfaces - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Platformer-Ball valve-Erosion - Corrosion defects
Platformer-Ballast plate-Hot hydrogen attack (decarburization) - Corrosion defects
Platformer-T-piece (3”/4”)-Fatigue - Corrosion defects
Pleats - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Plug gage - Grinding cracks - Tool steels - Fractography - Machining defects
Pneumatic chisel - Tool steels - Fractography
Pneumatic chisel - Tool steels - Fractography
Pneumatic chisels - Tool steels - Fractography
Pneumatic descaling chisel - Tool steels - Fractography
Pneumatic rivet set - Tool steels - Fractography
Pocket pillar fractures from a cast iron machined cage - Bearing defects
Pockmarked contour of economizer tube exposed to condensed sulfuric acid - Corrosion defects
Point surface origin (PSO) spalling - Bearing defects
Point surface origin (PSO) spalling - Bearing defects
Pointed roll scratch - 1.8519 steel - Cold drawing defects
Polishing - Gear defects - Other defects
Polishing defect classification
Polishing drag marks - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Polishing marks - Paint defects - Coating defects
Polishing or light wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Polishing type wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Polymer cage with fracture – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Polzyoa - Marine fouling - Coating defects
Poor (no) chromating - Powder coating - Coating defects
Poor adhesion caused by direct heated gas oven - Powder coating - Coating defects
Poor base - Ingot defects
Poor bath management - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Poor design - Tool steels - Fractography
Poor design - Tool steels - Fractography
Poor fluidization - Powder coating - Coating defects
Poor fluidization - too much powder - Powder coating - Coating defects
Poor or partial coverage - Hard chrome plating - Coating defects
Poor purging - Powder coating - Coating defects
Poor purging, afterwards stored wet - Powder coating - Coating defects
Poor purging, radiated, KTL-grounded - Powder coating - Coating defects
Poor purging, radiated, KTL-grounded and coated - Powder coating - Coating defects
Poor welding - Casting defects
Poor wrap-around - Powder coating - Coating defects
Pores at ingot base - Ingot defects
Pores in the core - 1.2379 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pores in the core - Ingot defects
Porosity (blowhole) - Welding defects
Porosity (center porosity) - Forged bar - Forging defects
Porosity (pit) - Welding defects
Porosity (single pore, uniformly scattered, cluster, linear, piping) - Welding defects
Porosity - Casting defects in the block window I - Casting defects
Porosity - Casting defects in the block window II - Casting defects
Porosity - Forged bar - Forging defects
Porosity - Ingot defects
Porosity - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Porosity - Rolling defects
Porosity - Slab defects
Porosity - Welding defects
Porosity - Welding defects
Porosity - Welding defects
Porosity - Welding defects
Porosity and segregation - Ingot defects
Porosity and slag - Welding defects
Porosity in AISI 8630 cast steel - Casting defects
Porosity shrinkage defect - Casting defects
Porous ingot - Ingot defects
Portion of an AISI A8 ring forging that cracked (arrows) after forging and annealing - Forging defects - Fractography
Possible combinations of mating dimple shapes resulting from different stress states - Fractography
Possible defect types - Pipeline defects
Post hot-dipping treatment - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Post-deformation flake formation - ESR ingot defects
Post-deformation flake formation - Ingot defects
Poured short - Casting defects
Powder in the macro-inclusion - Slab defects
Powder lumping in the box - Powder coating - Coating defects
Powder spitters on the cured powder surface - Powder coating - Coating defects
Power station condenser-Step inside water header-Galvanic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Power station cooling system-Sieve from steam condenser cooling water system-Crevice corrosion - Corrosion defects
Pre-existing forging lap - Fractography
Pre-material defect , cracks at the billet - 1.6582 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pre-material defect on the billet - 1.7034 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pre-material defect, scabs - 1.4305 steel - Cold drawing defects
Preboiler and afterboiler erosion - Corrosion defects
Predicted shrinkage porosity with the experimental sectioning - Ingot defects
Preferred die orientation to avoid side thrust
Preferred location of the parting line
Preferred orientation to avoid deep impression
Premature flaking occurs axially on the rolling surfaces - Bearing defects
Premature tempering accounted for the cracking during treatment - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Pressed in rolling fin - 1.7709 steel - Cold drawing defects
Pressed-steel cage deformation - Bearing defects
Pretreatment-resistant deep-drawing greases - Powder coating - Coating defects
Preventive grinding to limit crack depth - Rail defects
Primary chill - Casting defects
Primary ferrite precipitations - Ingot defects
Primary scales due to high temperature - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Primary scales due to poor descaling - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Primitive alternative of an oil separator - Powder coating - Coating defects
Prior steel structure - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Prior steel structure of AISI 403 stainless steel - Heat treatment defects
Procrastination of the pretreatment media - Powder coating - Coating defects
Procrastination of the pretreatment-media - Powder coating - Coating defects
Product storage tank-Bottom plate-Sulphide corrosion - Corrosion defects
Product transport system-Pipe-Stress corrosion - Corrosion defects
Production plant-Welded bend in steam coil-Weld decay (intergranular corrosion near the weld) - Corrosion defects
Products in contact - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Profile of tube wall showing unfused fissure - Welding defects - Corrosion defects
Progressive pitting - Gear defects - Other defects
Pucker - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Pull tab rivet fracture - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Pull-out of surface - Machining defects
Pump cavitation - Corrosion defects
Pump-roller bearing-False brinelling - Corrosion defects
Punch - Tool steels - Fractography
Punch made of AISI S7 tool steel that cracked during quenching - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Punch tip - Tool steels - Fractography
Punches - Tool steel defects
Punches, 2 1/4-in,-diam - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Puncture or leak - Pipeline defects
Punctured - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Push-up, clamp-off - Casting defects
Quench crack - Gear defects - Other defects
Quench crack at fillet radius in AISI 4142 steel - Heat treatment defects
Quench crack in AISI 4140 steel - Heat treatment defects
Quench crack in AISI 4340 steel - Heat treatment defects
Quench crack in AISI 5160 part - Heat treatment defects
Quench crack in W2 Water-Hardening part - Heat treatment defects
Quench crack initiating from machine groove in AISI 4140 steel - Heat treatment defects
Quench crack propagating from machine burr in AISI 4118 carbonized steel - Heat treatment defects
Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Quench cracking - Casting defects
Quench cracking promoted by Non-metallic inclusions in AISI 4140 steel - Heat treatment defects
Quench cracks - Casting defects
Quench cracks - Heat treatment defect
Quench cracks - Heat treatment defects
Quench cracks - Heat treatment defects
Quench stress cracking of 1.2343 steel - Steel tool defects
Quenched from an excessively high temperature - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Quenching crack - Heat treatment defects
Quenching crack - Tool steels - Fractography
Quenching crack - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Quenching crack I - Heat treatment defects
Quenching crack II - Heat treatment defects
Quenching crack III - Heat treatment defects
RIS mark - Rolling defects
RSJ span - Coating defects
Raceway discoloration, melting occurs at ball pitch intervals - Bearing defects
Raceway discoloration, melting occurs at ball pitch intervals - Bearing defects
Raceway is discolored and melted - Bearing defects
Raceway smearing at intervals corresponding to the roller spacing - Bearing defects
Rail batter - Rail defects
Rail batter - Rail defects
Rail corrugation - Rail defects
Rail corrugations - Rail defects
Rail grinding - Rail defects
Rail-ending blade - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Railroad axle - Friction bearing overheat causing LME - Fractography
Rain damage – water spotting - Coating defects
Raised core or mold element cutoff - Casting defects
Raised mold defect - Casting defects
Raised sand - Casting defects
Ramoff, ramaway - Casting defects
Random fracture - Gear defects - Other defects
Rapid grown patterns - Rail defects
Rat tail - Casting defects
Rat tail - Casting defects
Rat tail and buckles - Casting defects
Rating chart for the macroscopic evaluation of the corrosive attack - Tool steel defects
Rattails - Casting defects
Re-Austentized regions at spalls - Fractography
Re-hardened bearing steel - Bearing defects
Reactor-nut with bolt-Hydrogen embrittlement - Corrosion defects
Reamer failure - Tool steels - Fractography
Reasons for casting rejections - Casting defects
Red rust - Paint and coating defects
Red scale - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Reference chart for the evaluation of macroetch specimens - Cold rolling defects
Refuse incinerator-ERW (electric resistance welded) furnace tube-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Region of caustic gouging along internal surface - Corrosion defects
Regular buckle - Pipeline defects
Reheat Cracking - Welding defects
Reheat cracking - Welding defects
Reheat cracking - Welding defects
Reinforcement - Welding defects
Reinforcement - Welding defects
Relative motion scratches - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Relief - Polishing defects
Relief - Polishing defects
Removing a root pass by grinding - Welding defects
Removing a root pass by grinding - Welding defects
Renewed formation of bainite - Heat treatment defects
Renewed formation of pearlite - Heat treatment defects
Renewed formation of pearlite at the spheroidising - Heat treatment defects
Repair welding of the crack - Pipeline defects
Residual stress - Heat treatment defects
Residual stress caused by machining - Machining defects
Residual stress due to heating and cooling - Heat treatment defects
Residual stress in induction hardening - Heat treatment defects
Residual stress patterns due to thermal and transformation volume changes - Heat treatment defects
Residual stresses in forging - Forging defects
Residual stresses in forging - Forging defects
Residues on aluminum after pretreatment - Powder coating - Coating defects
Resistance welding - Welding defects
Rest of scale after the grinding - 1.4305 steel - Cold drawing defects
Rest of scale after the pickling - 1.4301 steel - Cold drawing defects
Rest of scale on the wire surface - 1.8523 steel - Cold drawing defects
Restart porosity - Welding defects
Retained austenite - Heat treatment defects
Retained austenite in 1.2379 and 1.2343 steels - Steel tool defects
Reverse detail fracture - Rail defects
Reverse detail fracture - Rail defects
Reverse loading - Bearing defects
Reverse loading - Bearing defects
Reversed bending fatique railroad coupling pins - Fractography
Rhodophycea - Plant - Weed or algae fouling - Coating defects
Rhomboidity - Slab defects
Rib – Roller end scoring - Bearing defects
Ribs (coating sag) - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Ridge-buckle defect - Rolling defects
Ridges - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Ridges - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Ridges - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Ridges and furrows - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Ridging - Gear defects - Other defects
Ridging I - Gear defects - Other defects
Ridging II - Gear defects - Other defects
Rim and web failure - Gear defects - Other defects
Ring pattern and pits - ESR ingot defects
Rinse water corrosion - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Rinsing streaks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Rip up caused by poor metal-production - Powder coating - Coating defects
Rippled coating - Coating defects
Rippled coating - Coating defects
Rippled surface - Ingot defects
Rippled surface - Ingot defects
Rippling - Gear defects - Other defects
Rippling - Gear defects - Other defects
Rippling in spiral bevel pinion - Gear defects - Other defects
Risen ingot - Ingot defects
Riser-contact cracks - Casting defects
Rokes - Hot rolling defects
Rokes/seams - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Rokes/seams - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Roll burst - Rolling defects
Roll imprints - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Roll imprints - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Roll mark (temper mill) - Heat treatment defects
Roll mark - Cold rolling defects
Roll mark - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Roll mark - Rolling defects
Roll mark - Rolling defects
Roll mark - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Roll mark - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Roll marks - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Roll marks - Hot rolling defects
Roll marks - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Roll scratch - 1.7139 steel - Cold drawing defects
Roll shell - Tool steels - Fractography
Roll stop - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Roll tears - Tool steels - Rolling defects
Roll-in - Pickling line - Rolling defects
Rolled in extraneous material - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Rolled in foreign material - 1.7076 steel - Cold drawing defects
Rolled in foreign material - 1.7709 steel - Cold drawing defects
Rolled in scale - Cold rolling defects
Rolled-in - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Rolled-in dirt - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Rolled-in extraneous matter - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Rolled-in extraneous matter - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Rolled-in primary scale - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Rolled-in primary scale - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Rolled-in scale - 1.4003 steel - Cold drawing defects
Rolled-in scale - 1.7707 steel - Cold drawing defects
Rolled-in scale - Hot rolling defects
Rolled-in scrap - Hot rolling defects
Rolled-in secondary scale - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Rolled—in scale of external origin - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Roller end with light polishing - Acceptable - Bearing defects
Roller end with smearing – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Roller imprints - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Roller imprints - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Roller pressing - Slab defects
Roller streaks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Rolling contact fatigue defects - Rail defects
Rolling contact fatigue – Bearings - Bearing defects
Rolling contact fatigue – Gears and cam
Rolling defects
Rolling defects
Rolling dust - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Rolling fin - 1.2381 steel - Cold drawing defects
Rolling fin - 1.6582 steel - Cold drawing defects
Rolling imperfection or angularity - Pipeline defects
Root (wood) - Coating defects
Root concavity - Welding defects
Root and toe cracks - Welding defects
Root concavity - Welding - Coating defects
Root crack - Welding defects
Root crack I - Gear defects - Other defects
Rotary slitter knife - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Rotating torsional fatigue of 4320 shaft - Fractography
Rough casting surface - Casting defects
Rough casting surface/roughness - Casting defects
Rough casting surface/roughness - Casting defects
Rough coatings - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Rough edges - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Rough surface condition - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Rough surface condition - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Rough surface defect - Casting defects
Rough-machined EDM surface - Orvar 2 steel - EDM machining defects
Roughness - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Round shaped peeling pattern occurs on the center of the raceway surface - Bearing defects
Round shaped peeling pattern occurs on the center of the raceway surface - Bearing defects
Round shaped peeling pattern occurs on the center of the rolling surfaces - Bearing defects
Rubber - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Ruck - Pipeline defects
Runner block made from a proprietary hot-work tool steel - Fractography
Runout - Casting defects
Runout - Casting defects
Runs - Coating defects
Runs - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Runs - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Runs - Paint defects - Coating defects
Runs or sags - Coating defects
Rupture - Cold rolling defects
Rupture - Pipeline defects
Rupture associated with low-pH gouging - Corrosion defects
Rupture in an economizer tube - Corrosion defects
Rupture marks - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Rupture resulting from hydrogen damage - Corrosion defects
Ruptured division-wall tube from fluidized-bed boiler - Corrosion defects
Rust - Bearing defects
Rust - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Rust - Cold rolling defects
Rust - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Rust - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Rust - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Rust and coolant stains - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Rust bleeding - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Rust bleeding - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Rust grade 'A', 'B', 'C' (Sa 2) - Dry abrasive blasting - Coating defects
Rust grades 'B", 'C', 'D' (Sa 2) - Dry abrasive blasting - Coating defects
Rust grades 'B', 'C', 'D' (Sa 3) - Dry abrasive blasting - Coating defects
Rust grades 'D', 'B', 'C' (Sa 2 1/2 - Dry abrasive blasting - Coating defects
Rust grades 'b', 'C', 'D' (Sa 1) - Dry abrasive blasting - Coating defects
Rust grades - Dry abrasive blasting - Coating defects
Rust on a stainless steel pipe spool piece - Corrosion defects
Rust on a stainless steel plate - Corrosion defects
Rust on raceway surface at ball pitch - Bearing defects
Rust on raceway surface at roller pitch - Bearing defects
Rust on the rib face and raceway surface - Bearing defects
Rust rashing - Coating defects
Rust rashing - Coating defects
Rust scars - 1.7077 steel - Cold drawing defects
Rust scars and corrosion - 1.4301 steel - Cold drawing defects
Rust spotting - Coating defects
Rust spotting - Coating defects
Rust staining - Coating defects
Rust staining - Coating defects
Rust streak - Rail defects
S7 angle shear blade - Grinding cracks - Machining defects
SCC failures of ASTM A325 bolts in piscataqua bridge - Fractography
SCC in 4340 in salt water - Fractography
SEM ductile fracture surface - Fractography
SPI mold finishing guide - Polishing defects
SPM_II - Cold rolling defects
Sags - Coating defects
Salt pots - Other defects
Salt spray testing of as-processed black Ni-P - Coating defects
Sand - Hot rolling defects
Sand burning - Casting defects
Sand drop defect - Casting defects
Sand embedded in casting - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Sand embedded in castings - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Sand fur - Casting defects
Sand hole defects - Casting defects
Sand inclusion - Casting defects
Sand inclusion - Casting defects
Sand inclusions - Casting defects
Sand inclusions - Casting defects
Sand inclusions - Casting defects
Sand inclusions - Mould - Casting defects
Sanding marks - Substrate preparation - Paint defects - Coating defects
Sanding marks - Topcoats - Paint defects - Coating defects
Saponification - Coating defects
Scab - Cold rolling defects
Scab - Forging defects
Scab - Ingot defects
Scab I - Rolling defects
Scab II - Rolling defects
Scab on the surface - 1.7034 steel - Cold drawing defects
Scab out of foreign material - 1.4305 steel - Cold drawing defects
Scabbing - Casting defects
Scabbing - Mould - Casting defects
Scabs on the surface - 1.4305 steel - Cold drawing defects
Scabs on the surface - 1.4305 steel - Cold drawing defects
Scabs, expansion scabs - Casting defects
Scale (types C3 and C5) - Rolling defects
Scale - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Scale - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Scale - Pickling line - Rolling defects
Scale - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Scale - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Scale - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Scale - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Scale defects - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Scale on the chrome surface - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Scale pattern - Rolling defects
Scale pits (oit marks) - Forging defects
Scale pits with grain boundary oxidation - 1.4303 steel - Cold drawing defects
Scale pits with grain boundary oxidation - 1.4303 steel - Cold drawing defects
Scale pits/scabs - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Scale pits/scabs - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Scale residues - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Scale residues - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Scale scars through too long annealing time - 1.4305 steel - Cold drawing defects
Scale, scratch, planarity - Slab defects
Scales - Rolling defects
Scaling - Casting defects
Scarfing - Slab defects
Scarred surface - Mould - Casting defects
Scattered porosity - Welding defects
Schematic for lamellar tearing - Welding defects
Schematic presentations of forging
Schematic set-up of flat rolling process
Schematic set-ups of drawing
Schematic set-ups of extrusion
Schematic showing the relationship of welding temperatures to the Fe-C phase diagram
Schematic showing the terminology for various regions of weldments - Welding defects
Schematic showing the weld, heat-affected zone and base metal microstructure - Welding defects
Schematic type and location cracks defects, related to continuous casting of steel - Slab defects
Scintillation (splash) - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Scored - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Scoring - Bearing defects
Scoring - Bearing defects
Scoring - Gear defects - Other defects
Scoring and peeling - Bearing defects
Scoring on large rib face of inner ring - Bearing defects
Scoring on roller end face - Bearing defects
Scoring on the face of inner ring rib - Bearing defects
Scoring on the pressedsteel cage pockets - Bearing defects
Scoring on the rib face of inner ring - Bearing defects
Scoring on the roller end face - Bearing defects
Scoring on the roller end face - Bearing defects
Scrap mark - Rolling defects
Scrap-in-die marks - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Scrap-in-die marks I - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Scrap-in-die marks II - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Scratch - Cold rolling defects
Scratch - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Scratch - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Scratch - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Scratch - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Scratch - Tinning - Rolling defects
Scratch after grinding - 1.4104 steel - Cold drawing defects
Scratch from cold rolling mill - Stainless steel defects - Rolling defects
Scratch in cold rolled steel strip - Rolling defects
Scratch marks - Other defects
Scratches - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Scratches - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Scratches - Paint defects - Coating defects
Scratches - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Scratches, grooves and gouges - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Scratches, side flow, pile-up, microchips - AISI steel 4340 - Machining defects
Scratches/abrasion marks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Scratches/grooves - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Scratching - Gear defects - Other defects
Scuffing (high-speed stage pinion) - Gear defects - Other defects
Scuffing - Bearing defects
Scuffing of gear tooth surfaces - Gear defects - Other defects
Scum defects - Casting defects
Sea water corrosion - Corrosion defects
Sealing layer defects - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Seam - Rolling defects
Seam - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Seam defect (top tube) - Corrosion defects
Seam defect in steam line - Corrosion defects
Seam flaw on the AISI 1040 steel bar - Ingot defects
Seam in a forged pitman in arm - Forging defects
Seam inclusions - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Seams - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Seams - Hot rolling defects
Seams - Rolling defects
Seams and laps - Welding defects
Seams and slivers - Rolling defects
Seams or scars - Casting defects
Seams or scars - Casting defects
Secondary scales (drag/comet type) from coil box - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Secondary scales due to poor descaling - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Section from a spark-machined surface showing changes in structure - Rigor tool steel - EDM machining defects
Section size - Heat treatment defects
Segregate-free, martensite-free 4615 modified that extruded wthout failures - Drawing defects
Segregation - Ingot defects
Segregation (square segregation) - Forged bar - Forging defects
Segregation - Drawing defects
Segregation in 3 x 4-in. bar of carbon tool steel - Ingot defects
Segregation lines and longitudinal corner crack - Slab defects
Segregation streaks with Sigma phase - Ingot defects
Segregation with cementite accumulation - Ingot defects
Segregational streaking - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Seized bearing - Gear defects - Other defects
Seizure - Bearing defects
Semibright hard chromium plate - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Sensitization of austenitic stainless steel - Corrosion defects
Serrated edge - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Settlement - Coating defects
Settlement - Coating defects
Several prominent bulges - Corrosion defects
Severe abrasion - Gear defects - Other defects
Severe fire-side metal loss on waterwall tubes - Corrosion defects
Severe graphitic corrosion of a gray cast iron feedwater-pump impeller - Corrosion defects
Severe roughness, high pressure molding defect - Casting defects
Severe thermal oxidation and spalling of magnetite on external surface - Corrosion defects
Severe wear/fretting – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Severity of quench - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Sewage treatment plant-Aeration tank distributor pieces-Deposit attack - Corrosion defects
Sewage treatment plant-Worm of worm gear pump-Chloride attack and erosion - Corrosion defects
Shaft fatique failure - Tool steels - Fractography
Shape defects - Causes - Slab defects
Shape defects - Welding defects
Shape wave - Heat treatment defects
Sharp buckle - Pipeline defects
Sharp corners - Tool steels - Fractography
Sharp corners - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Sharpened slag line - 1.8519 steel - Cold drawing defects
Shear break - Rail defects
Shear break - Rail defects
Shear cracks at a pressed part - 1.5513 steel - Cold drawing defects
Shear knife - Tool steels - Fractography
Sheared edge defects - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Sheared edge defects - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Shearing burrs - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Sheet wrench mark - Heat treatment defects
Shell - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Shell - Continuous annealing line - Rolling defects
Shell - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Shell - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Shell - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Shell - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Shell - Pickling line - Rolling defects
Shell - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Shell - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Shell - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Shell - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Shelling - Rail defects
Shelling - Rail defects
Shelling - Rail defects
Shelling and underneath shelling - Rail defects
Shelling of the running surface - Rail defects
Shelling of the running surface - Rail defects
Shells - Drawing defects
Shells - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Shells - Hot rolling defects
Shells - Ingot defects
Shells - Rail defects
Shells - Slab defects
Shells and scales - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Shells caused by mechanical damage - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) - Welding defects
Shift - Casting defects
Shifted core - Casting defects
Shiny vs. dull - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Ship steel drop-weight test fractures - Fractography
Shockload failure II - Gear defects - Other defects
Shockload failures I - Gear defects - Other defects
Short pitch corrugation - Rail defects
Short pitch corrugations - Rail defects
Short waviness, induced by the rolling process - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Short-pitch rail corrugation - Rail defects
Short-term overheating - Corrosion defects
Shot blast rounded - Casting defects
Shrink hole - 1.4301 steel - Cold drawing defects
Shrink hole - Ingot defects
Shrink hole with scale - 1.2343 steel - Cold drawing defects
Shrink hole with scale - Ingot defects
Shrinkage - Forged bar - Forging defects
Shrinkage - Casting defects
Shrinkage - Casting defects
Shrinkage - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Shrinkage - Slab defects
Shrinkage and the macrostructure - Casting defects
Shrinkage and the macrostructure - Casting defects
Shrinkage cavity - ESR Ingot defects
Shrinkage cavity - Slab defects
Shrinkage cavity defect - Casting defects
Shrinkage depression defect - Casting defects
Shrinkage in spheroidal casting - Casting defects
Shrinkage porosity - Casting defects
Shrinkage porosity - Defect characterization - Casting defects
Shrinkage values of T-Joints with various joint shapes - Welding defects
Shrinkage/edge mapping - Paint defects - Coating defects
Si-Mn-Mo tie plate punches - Heat treatment defects
Si-Mn-Mo tie plates punches - Heat treatment defects
Side seam droop - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Sigma-phase embrittlement of duplex stainless steel weld metal - Fractography
Silicon/red scales (tiger scale) - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Single craters - Bearing defects
Sink mark - Casting defects
Sink marks, draw or suck-in - Casting defects
Sink-roll growth - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Size or dimension - Welding defects
Skewed ingot head - Ingot defects
Ski-ends - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Skin holes - Ingot defects
Skin lamination - Rolling defects
Skinning - Coating defects
Skip weld - Surface conditions - Coating defects
Slab corner cracks - Slab defects
Slab edge - Hot strip mill - Rolling defects
Slab images - Slab defects
Slab macrostructures - Slab defects
Slag - Surface conditions - Coating defects
Slag blowhole defect - Casting defects
Slag blowholes - Casting defects
Slag inclusion - Casting defects
Slag inclusion - Casting defects
Slag inclusion - Stainless steel defects - Rolling defects
Slag inclusion - Welding defects
Slag inclusion - Welding defects
Slag inclusion defect - Casting defects
Slag inclusion defect - Casting defects
Slag inclusions - Casting defects
Slag inclusions - Mould - Casting defects
Slag inclusions - Welding defects
Slag inclusions - Welding defects
Slag patches - Ingot defects
Slag scars (dross) - Casting defects
Slag under the surface - 1.4105 steel - Cold drawing defects
Slag under the surface - 1.7707 steel - Cold drawing defects
Slag, dross or flux inclusions, ceroxides - Casting defects
Slags and titanium carbides - 1.4872 steel - Cold drawing defects
Slip - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Slip mark - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Slippage tracks - Bearing defects
Sliver - AISI 1050 steel - Slab defects
Sliver - Cold rolling defects
Sliver - Low carbon steel - Rolling defects
Sliver - Rolling defects
Sliver - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Sliver/seams - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Slivers - Rail defects
Slivers and cracks - Drawing defects
Slivers, cracks, blowholes - Wire-rod - Rolling defects
Small and large indentations occur over entire raceway surface - Bearing defects
Small and large indentations occur over the rolling surface - Bearing defects
Smashing through of the scarred surface - Powder coating - Coating defects
Smear streaks - Bearing defects
Smearing - Bearing defects
Smearing - Bearing defects
Smearing - Bearing defects
Smearing - Bearing defects
Smearing in thrust ball bearings - Bearing defects
Smearing occurs at the center of the rolling surface - Bearing defects
Smearing occurs circumferentially on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Smearing occurs circumferentially on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Smearing occurs circumferentially on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Smearing occurs circumferentially on raceway surface - Bearing defects
Smearing of external surfaces - Bearing defects
Smearing of rollers and raceways - Bearing defects
Smearing – Left side of this inner race illustrates smearing, unacceptable - Bearing defects
Snaky coating - Galvanizing - Coating defects
Soda solution transport system-Pipe bend-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
Sodium hydroxide-rich deposit - Corrosion defects
Soft arcing - ESR ingot defects
Soft or insufficient ramming, mold-wall movement - Casting defects
Soft steel washers - Tool steels - Fractography
Soft vs. hard ductile particles - Contamination - Bearing defects
Solder pellets - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Soldering, die erosion - Casting defects
Solid abrasive was pressed into the surface - 1.4301 steel - Cold drawing defects
Solid inclusions - Welding defects
Solidification cracking - Welding defects
Solidification cracking - Welding defects
Solidification macrostructure - Casting defects
Solidification structure - 303 austenitic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 303 austenitic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 304 austenitic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 316 austenitic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 316 austenitic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 416 martensitic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 416 martensitic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 430 ferritic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 430 ferritic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 430 ferritic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 430 ferritic stainless steel
Solidification structure - 430 stainless steel
Solidification structure - Fe-52% Ni alloy
Solidification structure - Ni-base eutectic alloy
Solidification white spots - VAR IN-718 alloy - Ingot defects
Solvent lifting - Coating defects
Solvent lifting - Coating defects
Solvent pop - Paint defects - Coating defects
Solvent popping - Coating defects
Solvent popping - Coating defects
Some defects of bearing (deformation, crack, scratch, dust) - Bearing defects
Some forging defects - Forging defects
Some slab defects - Slab defects
Some typical slab casting defects - Slab defects
Soot-blower erosion - Corrosion defects
Spalled corners - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Spalled section of hardened steel roll - Fractography
Spalling - Anodizing defects catalogue - Coating defects
Spalling (thru hardened gear) - Gear defects - Other defects
Spalling - Bearing defects
Spalling - Bearing defects
Spalling - Bearing defects
Spalling - Gear defects - Other defects
Spalling - Hard Cr coating I - Coating defects
Spalling - Hard Cr coating II - Coating defects
Spalling - Hard chrome coatings - Coating defects
Spalling - Rail defects
Spalling - Rail defects
Spalling and exfoliation of magnetite on internal surfaces - Corrosion defects
Spalling of the rail surface - Rail defects
Spalls - Bearing defects
Spatter - Welding - Coating defects
Spatter - Welding defects
Spatter - Welding defects
Spatter - Welding defects
Spatter - Welding defects
Speckling - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Spike-heading dies - Tool steels - Fractography
Spills - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Spilt steel - Ingot defects
Spinner - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Spinning and deep drawing defects - Other defects
Spiral corrosion - Pipeline defects
Spiral grooves cut into internal surface of flue-gas cooler by erosive gas flow - Corrosion defects
Spiral weld cracking - Pipeline defects
Splash - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Splash - Ingot defects
Spline wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Split ends - Hot rolling defects
Split strip edges - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Split web - Rail defects
Split web - Rail defects
Spongy edge - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Spongy surface - Hot rolling defects
Spongy surface - Slab defects
Spongy top - Ingot defects
Spotty chromating - Powder coating - Coating defects
Spreader marks - Heat treatment defects
Sprinkler (extinguisher) system (wet)-Pipe section-Sulphide corrosion - Corrosion defects
Squat - Rail defects
Squat defect with developed transverse crack - Rail defects
Squat defects - Rail defects
Squats - Rail defects
Squats - Rail defects
Squeezed out bubble - Casting defects
Stain - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Stain - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Stain - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Staining - Coating defects
Stainless steel (AISI 304)-Textile steamer-Guide bar in textile conveyor system - Corrosion defects
Stamping ink (untreated) - Powder coating - Coating defects
Star crack - Rolling defects
Star cracks - Slab defects
Star cracks - Slab defects
Star fractures - Slab defects
Star-pattern, dendritic structure, center porosity - Slab defects
State of solidification of a small ingot - Ingot defects
Steam condensate system (15 bar)-Condensate pipe-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system (4 bar)-Header from air heater-Galvanic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system (of 13 bar steam supply)-Horizontal condensate pipe-Carbonic acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Air heater tubes-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Condensate pipe-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Condensate pump impeller-Cavitation - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Element from air heater and steam trap-Carbonic acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Float ball from heat exchanger steam trap-Oxygen attack - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Horizontal condensate pipe and deposits in a condensate pipe-Carbonic acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Pipe of air heater used as steam cooler-Cavitation - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Pipe-Corrosion underneath insulation - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Uninsulated pipeline-Stress corrosion (transgranular) - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Uninsulated underground pipeline-Stress corrosion (transgranular) - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Upper part of horizontal condensate pipe- Cavitation - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Valve from condensate pipe-Galvanic corrosion - Corrosion defects
Steam condensate system-Vertical element from air heater (before and after sawing through)-Carbonic acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Steam cutting from adjacent tube failures - Corrosion defects
Steam cutting of utility convection tubes - Corrosion defects
Steam pipe-Flange-Stress corrosion (transgranular) - Corrosion defects
Steam system (7 bar)-Steam control valve-Consequence of excessive pick-up of magnetite - Corrosion defects
Steam system (low pressure)-Steam pipe section-Intergranular stress corrosion (caustic embrittlement) - Corrosion defects
Steam system-Bend in steam pipe-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
Steam system-Valve bolts-Stress corrosion - Corrosion defects
Steaming - Corrosion defects
Steel cage with cracks – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Steel ingots on the thermogram - Ingot defects
Steel pit - Rolling defects
Stepped wear on the outside surface and pocket surface of a machined high-tension brass cage - Bearing defects
Stepped wear on the roller head and face - Bearing defects
Sticker - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Sticker break - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Sticker break - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Sticker breaks - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Sticker breaks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Sticking points - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Sticky scale - Rolling defects
Stonechip - Paint defects - Coating defects
Stoppage marks - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Strain pattern - Other defects
Stray arcing - Welding - Coating defects
Streaks and sags - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Strecher-strains in cold formed carbon steel sheet range component - Drawing defects
Stress corrosion crack - Pipeline defects
Stress corrosion cracking - Turbine blade - Fractography
Stress corrosion cracking at a screw - 1.4404 steel - Cold drawing defects
Stress crack - 1.8519 steel - Cold drawing defects
Stress crack after the roll cooling - 1.2550 steel - Cold drawing defects
Stress crack after the rolling - 1.2357 steel - Cold drawing defects
Stress crack at a helical spring - 1.8159 steel - Cold drawing defects
Stress crack at the wire - 1.7707 steel - Cold drawing defects
Stress crack in a nitrided component - 1.8507 steel - Cold drawing defects
Stress crack on the rod wire - 1.8523 steel - Cold drawing defects
Stress cracking - Coating defects
Stress cracking during heating - Heat treatment defects
Stress cracks and thermal fatigue cracks - Tool steel defects
Stress risers: Fillets - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Stress risers: Forge Laps - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Stress risers: Forge laps - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Stress risers: Rolling seam - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Stress risers: Rolling seam - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Stress risers: Rolling seam - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Stress risers: Threads, gear roots and machining marks - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Stress-relief cracking of plate in Lehigh restraint test - Other defects
Stress-corrosion cracking - Corrosion defects
Stretcher - Temper mill - Rolling defects
Stretcher strain - Heat treatment defects
Stretcher strains - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Stretcher strains - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Stretcher strains - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Striations - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Stricker mark - Heat treatment defects
Strip with porosity - 1.2201 steel - Cold drawing defects
Strip with porosity - Ingot defects
Striped pattern of corrosion occurs on the raceway surface - Bearing defects
Striped pattern of corrosion occurs on the rolling surface - Bearing defects
Striping/banding - Paint defects - Coating defects
Stripper steam system-Distributor pipe-Stress corrosion - Corrosion defects
Stripping defect - Casting defects
Strong carbide precipitate - Heat treatment defects
Strong cementite lattice - Heat treatment defects
Strong complete decarburization - Heat treatment defects
Strong core segregation - Heat treatment defects
Strong corrosion at chain links - 1.4571 steel - Cold drawing defects
Strong decarburization at a billet corner - Heat treatment defects
Strong grain boundary oxidation - 1.2201 steel - Cold drawing defects
Strong pickling attack - 1.4105 steel - Cold drawing defects
Strong pickling attack with grain boundary attack - 1.4567 steel - Cold drawing defects
Strong slag line - 1.3520 steel - Cold drawing defects
Strong slag line - 1.4718 steel - Cold drawing defects
Strong surface decarburization - Heat treatment defects
Stronger core segregation - Ingot defects
Structural scheme of the massive forging ingot - Ingot defects
Structural scheme of the massive forging ingot - Ingot defects
Structural shear blade - Tool steels - Fractography
Structure influence by separating - Heat treatment defects
Studs from three railways - Rail defects
Stuff happens - Hard chrome plating - Coating defects
Sub-surface initiated spalling - Bearing defects
Sub-surface shrinkage - Casting defects
Sub-surface structure beneath a bloom depression - Slab defects
Subcutaneous blowholes - Ingot defects
Submerged arc welding - Welding defects
Substrate scratches - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Subsurface fatique - Bearing defects
Subsurface fatique - Bearing defects
Subsurface initiated bending fatigue - Gear defects - Other defects
Subsurface initiated fatigue - Bearing defects
Subsurface initiated fatigue - Bearing defects
Subsurface non-metallic inclusion - Slab defects
Subsurface origin failure - Gear defects - Other defects
Sudden growth patterns - Rail defects
Sulfur print - Ingot defects
Sulfur print I - Other defects
Sulfur print II - Other defects
Sulfur printing (Baumann's method) - Other defects
Sulfur prints of the longitudinal cross-section of ingots - Ingot defects
Sulphidation - Corrosion defects
Sulphur print - Ingot defects
Sulphur print - Rail defects
Sulphur print of vertical cross-section of rectangular ingot - Ingot defects
Sulphur print of vertical cross-section of rectangular ingot - Ingot defects
Sulphur prints - 15 t ingot - Ingot defects
Sulphuric acid transport system-Flange in pipe-Erosion corrosion - Corrosion defects
Sulphuric acid transport system-Main distribution pipe-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Sulphuric acid transport system-Pipe section-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Sulphuric acid transport system-Valve-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Super-large inclusion - Ingot defects
Support roller imprints - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Surface - Ingot defects
Surface porosity - Welding defects
Surface and subsurface defects - Slab defects
Surface appearance of piping porosity - Welding defects
Surface assessment by roughness parameters - Polishing defects
Surface blowholes - Mould - Casting defects
Surface bumps - Gear defects - Other defects
Surface bursts at a tensile test - 1.7131 steel - Cold drawing defects
Surface conditions - Water jetting - Coating defects
Surface conditions from prior machining will act as stress risers - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Surface contaminant - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Surface cooling cracks - Tool steels - Heat treatment defects
Surface corrosion "Rust" - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Surface cracking - Forging defects
Surface cracks - Forging defects
Surface cracks - Forging defects
Surface cracks - Slab defects
Surface cracks at the drawing - 1.4301 steel - Cold drawing defects
Surface cracks on continuously cast slabs - Austenitic stainless steel - Slab defects
Surface cracks on continuously cast slabs - Slab defects
Surface decarburisation - Wire rod defects - Drawing defects
Surface defect caused by a foreign body - Powder coating - Coating defects
Surface defect types in stainless steel - Rolling defects
Surface defect lack of material - Rolling defects
Surface defects - Causes - Slab defects
Surface defects - Other defects
Surface defects - Rail defects
Surface defects in a strip after hot rolling - Drawing defects
Surface defects in continuously cast products - Slab defects
Surface defects of hot rolled steel plates - Rolling defects
Surface distress - Bearing defects
Surface distress = micro-scale spalling-early stage of surface initiated spalling - Bearing defects
Surface folds, gas runs - Casting defects
Surface gauge corner head cracks - Rail defects
Surface inclusion defects - Rolling defects
Surface initiated spalling - Bearing defects
Surface laps - Rolling defects
Surface marks due to broken rolling stands - Rolling defects
Surface mottling (Pits) - Forging defects
Surface near slag - 1.4301 steel - Cold drawing defects
Surface of a hard chrome coating - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Surface or subsurface blowholes - Casting defects
Surface origin failure - Gear defects - Other defects
Surface oxidation - Welding defects
Surface pinholes - Casting defects
Surface porosity - Welding - Coating defects
Surface roughness - Mould - Casting defects
Surface roughness after grinding and after using diamond paste on nylon cloth - Polishing defects
Surface roughness after grinding and polishing - Polishing defects
Surface spalling of the rail surface caused by wheelburn - Rail defects
Surface wrinkle defect of carbon steel - Rolling defects
Swealed - Hot rolling defects
Sweat-cinder not removed - Powder coating - Coating defects
Swell - Casting defects
Swelling - Mould - Casting defects
TTC - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Tache ovale - Rail defects
Tache ovale defects - Rail defects
Tackiness - Coating defects
Tandem rolling mill
Tear-drops - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
Tears or laps - ESR ingot defects
Teeming lap - Ingot defects
Teeming lap - Ingot defects
Tensile fractures begin internally - Fractography
Tensile test fracture influenced by shrinkage cavities - Fractography
Tension cracks - ESR ingot defects
Tension cracks I - Ingot defects
Tensions cracks II - Ingot defects
Terminology used for planes in rails - Rail defects
Terminology used to identify defect planes in relation to rail section - Rail defects
Tertiary scales due to roll roughness(salt & pepper/banded type) - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
The defect on the inner race - Bearing defects
The defect on the outer race - Bearing defects
The flange edge of a roll made from AISI D2 tool steel that chipped off during its initial use - Fractography
The formation of grooves and craters due to the passage of electric current - Bearing defects
The heat-affected zone is larger than usual - Welding defects
The ingot was free of all defects - ESR ingot defects
The internals defects - Pipeline defects
The massive rupture of the wall tube - Corrosion defects
The metal loss, peeling - Pipeline defects
The mould has run empty - Casting defects
The pipe manufacturing defect - Pipeline defects
The plastic flow due to overheating - Gear defects - Other defects
The reddish color of the iron oxides and the presence of tubercles capping iron oxide-filled pits - Corrosion defects
The redistribution of inclusions - Forging defects
The spalling crater is local! - Bearing defects
The surface of an AISI A4 primer cup plate showing spoiling - Machining defects - Fractography
The thick-walled rupture - Corrosion defects
Thermal cracking - Bearing defects
Thermal cracks occur at large end face of roller - Bearing defects
Thermal cracks occur on the outer ring side face - Bearing defects
Thermal fatigue - Casting defects
Thermal fatigue cracks in new die steels - Fractography
Thermal oxidation (metal burning) - Corrosion defects
Thermal spray aluminum (99.5 percent) coating - Thermally sprayed metal coatings - Coating defects
Thermal stresses aid oxide spalling - Corrosion defects
Thermal-fatigue cracks on internal surface - Corrosion defects
Thermal-induced cracks - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Thermally embrittlement Co-Free Vasco T-250 maraging steel I - Fractography
Thermally embrittlement Co-Free Vasco T-250 maraging steel II - Fractography
Thick bright chromium plate - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Thick, irregular mound of hard iron oxides covering perforation - Corrosion defects
Thick-walled burst resulting from hydrogen damage - Corrosion defects
Thick-walled rupture in a reheater tube - Corrosion defects
Thread chaser - Tool steels - Fractography
Thread chaser - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Threaded part made from AISI W2 tool steel that cracked during quenching - Heat treatment defects - Fractography
Three high rolling mill
Three piece can bodies - Soldered side seam - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Three piece can bodies - Welded side seam - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Throat crack - Welding defects
Through-hardened ring gear wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Thumb—nail cracks on the chisel I - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Thumb—nail cracks on the chisel II - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Tight fits - Bearing defects
Tight fits - Bearing defects
Tight fits - Bearing defects
Timber sleeper failure - Rail defects
Tip and root interference - Gear defects - Other defects
Titan stripe - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Toe crack - Welding defects
Toe cracks - Welding defects
Too thick powder cloud - Powder coating - Coating defects
Tooth bending failure from inclusions - Gear defects - Other defects
Tooth breakage - Gear defects - Other defects
Tooth fracture (low cycle fatigue) - Gear defects - Other defects
Tooth fracture (root fillet fatigue) - Gear defects - Other defects
Tooth fracture from bearing failure - Gear defects - Other defects
Tooth surface destroyed by extensive pitting I - Gear defects - Other defects
Tooth surface destroyed by extensive pitting II - Gear defects - Other defects
Tooth tip chipping - Gear defects - Other defects
Torch heated to bend - Forging defects
Torn at the drawing - 1.4305 steel - Cold drawing defects
Torn off of cods and mould edges - Casting defects
Torn wire at the drawing - 1.7176 steel - Cold drawing defects
Torsion twist failure AISI S7 super-duty dragster axle - Heat treatment defects
Torsional engine vibration could cause worn clutching teeth - Gear defects - Other defects
Torsional fatigue fracture in 51b60 railroad spring - Fractography
Total bearing lockup - Bearing defects
Touch marks - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Touch marks - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Tramlines - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Transfer material - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Transformation products occurs during quenching - Heat treatment defects
Transformation temperature range (Ms-Mf) - Heat treatment defects
Transformation temperature range (Ms-Mf) - Quench cracking - Heat treatment defects
Transgranular and intergranular crack propagation - Fractography
Transversal cracks - Hot rolling defects
Transversal cracks - Slab defects
Transversal shell stripes - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Transverse crack - Rolling defects
Transverse crack - Welding defects
Transverse crack orginating at head checks - Rail defects
Transverse crack resulting from caustic stress corrosion - Corrosion defects
Transverse crack, star crack - Slab defects
Transverse cracking - Rail defects
Transverse cracking - Slab defects
Transverse cracks - ESR ingot defects
Transverse cracks - Hot rolled flat steel products - Rolling defects
Transverse cracks - Ingot defects
Transverse cracks - Rolling defects
Transverse cracks - Rolling defects
Transverse cracks - Slab defects
Transverse cracks - Slab defects
Transverse cracks - Slab defects
Transverse cracks and associated oxygen pits - Corrosion defects
Transverse cracks/Hanger cracks - Ingot defects
Transverse depression - Slab defects
Transverse depression - Slab defects
Transverse depressions - Slab defects
Transverse fissure - Rail defects
Transverse fissure - Rail defects
Transverse fissure - Rail defects
Transverse fissure - Rail defects
Transverse fissures at and near stud bases - Corrosion defects
Transverse internal cracks - Slab defects
Transverse scoring - Ingot defects
Transverse undulations - Cold rolled uncoated sheet - Rolling defects
Transverse undulations/chatter marks - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Transverse undulations/chatter marks - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Transversely cracked ingot head - Ingot defects
Trapped casting flux/sand marks - Ingot defects
Triple point cracks - Slab defects
True brinell (denting) - Bearing defects
True brinelling - Bearing defects
True brinelling - Bearing defects
True brinelling - Bearing defects
True brinelling - Bearing defects
True brinelling - Bearing defects
True vs. false brinelling - Bearing defects
Tube expansion - Pipeline defects
Tube rupture after severe metal loss by chelant corrosion - Corrosion defects
Tube sections virtually plugged with deposits - Corrosion defects
Tubeworms - Marine fouling - Coating defects
Tunicate - Marine fouling - Coating defects
Turned back corner - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Turned back lap - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Two AISI A6 tool steelvparts that shattered during finish (abusive) grinding - Machining defects - Fractography
Two high reversing rolling mill
Two high rolling mill
Two piece can bodies - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Two sharp corners - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Two shear knives made from AISI H13 tool steel - Fractography
Two types of rolling contact fatigue - Bearing defects
Two views of an AISI S1 tool steel cutter die that cracked and spoiled after regrinding - Machining defects - Fractography
Type IV cracking observed in a low alloyed 1Cr-0.5Mo pipe - Other defects
Type IV failure in P122 header end cap weld - Other defects
Types of cracks - Welding defects
Typical crack locations in weldments - Welding defects
Typical cracks observed on the rolled blooms - Rolling defects
Typical defects revealed in the forging ingot - Forging defects
Typical examples of broken rails and rail damage - Rail defects
Typical fatigue effect - Bearing defects
Typical forging defects - Forging defects
Typical forging defects I - Forging defects
Typical forging defects II - Forging defects
Typical forging defects III - Forging defects
Typical gear tooth contact patterns and gear tooth failure nomenclature - Gear defects - Other defects
Typical rail surface initiated service failure from shelling - Rail defects
Typical wear damage - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Unacceptable tearing off of material - Bearing defects
Unacceptable weld profiles - Welding defects
Uncoated areas - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Uncoated spot - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Unconsolidated center and halfway cracks - Slab defects
Under pickling - Cold rolling defects
Under-austenitization - Heat treatment defects
Under-austenitization – L6 punch - Heat treatment defects
Under-austenitized in heat treatment - Tool steel defects
Underbead crack - Welding defects
Underbead cracks - Welding defects
Undercladding cracks - Welding defects
Undercut - Welding - Coating defects
Undercut - Welding defects
Undercut - Welding defects
Undercut - Welding defects
Undercut - Welding defects
Undercut - Welding defects
Undercut - Welding defects
Undercut - Welding defects
Undercut - Welding defects
Undercut - Welding defects
Undercuting - Coating defects
Undercutting - Coating defects
Undercutting - Welding defects
Underfill (internal concavity) - Welding defects
Underfill - Welding defects
Underfill - Welding defects
Underfilled - Hot rolling defects
Underfilling - Bearing defects
Undesired graphite - Heat treatment defects
Undirectional bending fatique in bolt - Fractography
Uneven hardness defect - Casting defects
Uneven surface caused by poor zinc coating - Powder coating - Coating defects
Uneven weld ripples - Welding defects
Uneven-leg fillet weld - Welding defects
Unfavorable design - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
Unfilled section (unfilling/underfilling) - Forging defects
Uniformly distributed porosity - Welding defects
Unintentional carburization - Heat treatment defects
Unintentional carburization - Heat treatment defects
Unintentional carburization caused this S7 plastic mold die to fail - Fractography
Unsuccessful weld repair of the die - Tool steels - Fractography
Unusual intergranular fracture in Fe-Cr-Al alloy - Fractography
Unworn coatings - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Ureum stripper-Gas pipe-Stress corrosion (transgranular) - Corrosion defects
Utility superheater tube cut by steam leaking - Corrosion defects
V-cracks - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
V-shape - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Vacuum evaporation system for milk powder manufacture-Pump impeller-Cavitation - Corrosion defects
Various defects - Machining defects
Vee - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Veining - Casting defects
Veining or finning - Casting defects
Veins defect - Casting defects
Vertical crack - Slab defects
Vertical crack toe of SMAW multi-pass weld - Welding defects
Vertical split head - Rail defects
Vertical split head - Rail defects
Vertical split head - Rail defects
Vertical split head - Rail defects
Vertical waste heat boiler of a catalytic cracker-Corrosion defect-Attack due to high alkalinity - Corrosion defects
Very bad annealing structure - Heat treatment defects
Very strong surface decarburization - Heat treatment defects
Vibration I - Gear defects - Other defects
Vibration II - Gear defects - Other defects
Vibration corrosion - false brinelling - Bearing defects
Vibration damage - Bearing defects
Void formation around a hard inclusion - Hot rolling defects
Voids - Welding defects
Voids in ST52.3 steel - Forging defects
Voids in ST52.3 steel - Forging defects
Warped casting - Casting defects
Washout/erosion - Casting defects
Washout/erosion - Casting defects
Waste water pipe-Ball valve ball-Acid corrosion - Corrosion defects
Water contamination - Bearing defects
Water contamination - Bearing defects
Water spotting - Coating defects
Water spotting - Paint defects - Coating defects
Water stains - Bearing defects
Water supply in a cattle shed-Drinking troughs-White rust - Corrosion defects
Water treatment system (ion exchanger)-Drainage pipe-Chloride attack - Corrosion defects
Wavey tooth wear - Gear defects - Other defects
Waviness - Cold rolling defects
Waviness - Polishing defects
Wavy head or tail of a plate - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Wear - Airplane part - Other defects
Wear - Bearing defects
Wear - Bearing defects
Wear - Bearing defects
Wear - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Wear I - Fractography
Wear II - Fractography
Wear caused by abrasive particles - Bearing defects
Wear caused by inadequate lubrication - Bearing defects
Wear caused by vibration - Bearing defects
Wear caused by vibration/false brinelling – Unacceptable - Bearing defects
Wear having a wavy or concave-and-convex texture on loaded side of raceway surface - Bearing defects
Wear of die forging and surface fatigue cracks - Forging defects
Wear pads - Gear defects - Other defects
Wear tracks - Hard Cr coating - Coating defects
Wear tracks - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Wear – Abrasive contamination - Bearing defects
Wear – Acceptable - Bearing defects
Wear – Grooving - Bearing defects
Wear – Pitting and bruising - Bearing defects
Wear – Unacceptable highly polished surface - Bearing defects
Wear – Unacceptable peeling/microspalling - Bearing defects
Web failure resulting from high residual stress - Rail defects
Weeping weld - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Weld - Electrolytic galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Weld - Stainless steel strip - Rolling defects
Weld defects - Pipeline defects
Weld failure - Rolling defects
Weld joint - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Weld mark - Rolling defects
Weld metal porosity - 22 possible causes of weld metal porosity - Welding defects
Weld overlay showing signs of two-body wear - Fractography
Weld reinforcement - Welding defects
Weld spatter - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Weld spatter - Welding defects
Welded burn fracture - Rail defects
Welded burn fracture - Rail defects
Welded defects - Rail defects
Welded defects - Rail defects
Welding - Gear defects - Other defects
Welding - Mast arm - Welding defects
Welding blowout - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Welding blowouts - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Welding cracks - Welding defects
Welding defects
Welding repair marks - Casting defects
Welding spatter - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Welding wire annealing system-Wall of annealing furnace-Carburization - Corrosion defects
Wet storage stain - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Wet storage stain - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Wheel burn - Rail defects
Wheel burn defect - Rail defects
Wheel or engine burns - Rail defects
Wheels damaged in transit - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Wheels damaged through improper cleaning - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
Where do cracks occur? and When do cracks occur? - Casting defects
Whiskers - Welding defects
White and dark layers induced by hard turning - Machining defects
White etch areas - TEM I - Bearing defects
White etch areas - TEM II - Bearing defects
White etch cracking - Bearing defects
White layer formed at a hard turned surface of 52100 steel - Machining defects
White rust - Hot dip galvanizing - Coating defects
White rust - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
White rust - Surface defects on hot-dip metal coated steel sheet - Coating defects
White specks defect - Hard chrome coating - Coating defects
White spot - Rolling defects
White wtch area take-Aways - Bearing defects
Wiped - Bearing defects
Wiped - Bearing defects
Worm holes - Welding defects
Worm gear (pitting) - Gear defects - Other defects
Worm wheel tooth fracture - Gear defects - Other defects
Worn gear locks on the clutch gear can lead to gear jumping - Gear defects - Other defects
Worn low rail profile - Rail defects
Worn shaft gearlocks can lead to gear jumping. - Gear defects - Other defects
Wragge's lead print method - Other defects
Wrinkle - Pipeline defects
Wrinkled curl - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Wrinkled flange - Metal can defects - Coating defects
Wrinkling - Coating defects
Wrinkling - Coating defects
Wrinkling, rippling, lifting - Paint defects - Coating defects
Wrong haredening media - Tool steels - Fractography - Heat treatment defects
X-60 line pipe - Pipeline defects - Fractography
YAG laser scribed identification marks - Machining defects
Yellowing in the interior caused by UV-light - Powder coating - Coating defects
Z-cracking - Heavy plate defects - Rolling defects
Zebra pattern mark - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Zero-defect-strategy in the cold rolling industry - Rolling defects
Zig zag wraping - Hot rolled products - Rolling defects
Zinc TSMC, chamfered edge - Thermally sprayed metal coatings - Coating defects
Zinc TSMC, flat edge - Thermally sprayed metal coatings - Coating defects
Zinc TSMC, rounded edge - Thermally sprayed metal coatings - Coating defects
Zinc carbonates - Coating defects
Zinc dendrites - Surface defects on electrolytically coated steel sheet - Coating defects
Zinc pot fault - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Zinc skimmings - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Zinc splash - Hot-dip galvanizing line - Rolling defects
Zinc splatter - Hot-dip galvanized coating - Coating defects
Zn coating I - Coating defects
Zn coating II - Coating defects

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