Named Inclusions

Inclusion name Chemical formula Stoichiometric composition, wt.% wt.% oxide
Alite 3CaO x SiO2 52.66% Ca, 12.30% Si, 35.04% O 73.68% CaO, 26.32% SiO2
Almandine 3FeO x Al2O3 x 3SiO2 10.84% Al, 33.86% Fe, 16.93% Si, 38.57% O 20.48% Al2O3, 43.30% FeO, 36.21% SiO2
Anatase TiO2 59.94% Ti, 40.06% Ti 100% TiO2
Anorthite CaO x Al2O3 x 2SiO2 13.72% Ca, 18.97% Al, 20.75% Si, 46.14% O, 0.41% Na 19.20% CaO, 35.84% Al2O3, 44.40% SiO2
Anosovite Ti3O5 45.52% O, 47.86% Ti 100% Ti3O5
Baddeleyite ZrO2 74.03% Zr, 25.97% O 100% ZrO2
Bredigite 2CaO x SiO2 41.67% Ca, 16.69% Si, 38.03% O, 3.61% Mg 58.31% CaO, 5.99% MgO, 35.70% SiO2
Brookite TiO2 59.94% Ti, 40.06% O 100% TiO2
Bromellite BeO 36.03% Be, 63.97% O 100% BeO
Bustamite CaO x MnO x 2SiO2 7.87% Ca, 32.37% Mn, 22.06% Si, 37.70% O 11.01% CaO, 41.79% MnO, 47.20% SiO2
Calcia (Lime) CaO 71.47% Ca, 28.53% O 100% CaO
Calcium aluminate CaO x Al2O3 34.14% Al, 25.35% Ca, 40.49% O Click here
Calcium silicate CaO x SiO2 34.50% Ca, 24.17% Si, 41.32% O Click here
Calcium sulfide CaS 34.50% Ca, 24.17% Si, 41.32% O -
Cassiterite SnO2 47.89% Co, 52.11% S 100% SnO2
Cattierite CoS2 47.89 % Co, 52.11% S -
Ca-cordierite 2CaO x 2Al2O3 x 5SiO2 17.50% Al, 13.00% Ca, 22.77% Si, 46.71% O 33.06% Al2O3, 18.18% CaO, 48.79% SiO2
Chromite FeO x Cr2O3 46.46% Cr, 24.95% Fe, 28.59% O 67.90% Cr2O3, 32.10% FeO
Chalcocite CuS2 79.85% Cu, 20.15% S -
Clinoenstatite MgO x SiO2 24.21% Mg, 27.98% Si, 47.81% O 40.15% MgO, 59.85% SiO2
Cordierite 2MgO x 2Al2O3 x 5SiO2 8.31% Mg, 18.45% Al, 24.01% Si, 49.23% O 13.78% MgO, 34.86% Al2O3, 51.36% SiO2
Covellite CuS 66.46% Cu, 33.54% S -
Corundum Al2O3 52.93% Al2O3, 47.07% O 100% Al2O3
Cr-galaxite MnO x Cr2O3 46.64% Cr, 24.64% Mn, 28.70% O 68.16% Cr2O3, 31.82% MnO
Cristobalite SiO2 52.93% Al2O3, 47.07% O 100% SiO2
Cuprite Cu2O 88.82% Cu, 11.18% O 100% Cu2O
Diopside MgO x CaO x 2SiO2 18.51% Ca, 11.22% Ca, 25.94% Si, 44.33% O 25.90% CaO, 18.61% MgO, 55.49% SiO2
Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 21.73% Ca, 13.18% Mg, 13.3% C, 52.06% O 30.41% CaO, 21.86 % MgO, 47.73% SiO2
Enstatite Mg2Si2O6 24.21% Mg, 27.98% Si, 47.81% O 40.15% MgO, 59.85% SiO2
Eskolaite Cr2O3 68.42% Cr, 31.58% O 100% Cr2O3
Fayalite 2FeO x SiO2 54.81% Fe, 13.78% Si, 31.41% O 70.51% FeO, 29.49% SiO2
Fe-cordierite 2FeO x 2Al2O3 x 5SiO2 16.65% Al, 17.23% Fe, 21.66% Si, 44.44% O 31.46% AlO3, 22.16% FeO, 46.33% Si
Forsterite Mg2SiO4 34.55% Mg, 19.96% Si, 45.49% O 57.29% MgO, 42.71% SiO2
Galaxite MnO x Al2O3 31.21% Mn, 31.77% Al, 37.01% O 39.98% MnO, 60.02% Al2O3
Gehlenite 2CaO x Al2O3 x SiO2 29.23% Ca, 19.68% Ca, 10.24% Si, 40.84% O 40.90% CaO, 37.18% Al2O3, 21.91% SiO2
Grossularite 3CaO x Al2O3 x 3SiO2 26.69% Ca, 11.98% Al, 18.77% Si, 42.62% O 37.35% CaO, 22.64% Al2O3, 40.02% SiO2
Grunerite FeO x SiO2 39.93% Fe, 22.43% Si, 38.34% O, traces 50.21% FeO, 47.99% SiO2, traces
Hematite Fe2O3 69.94% Fe, 30.06% O 100% Fe2O3
Hausmannite MnO x Mn2O3 72.03% Mn, 27.97% O 100% MnO x Mn2O3
Hercynite FeO x Al2O3 31.05% Al, 32.13% Fe, 36.82% O 58.66% Al2O3, 41.34% FeO
Hauerite MnS2 46.14% Mn, 53.86% S -
Iron Sulfide FeS 63.53% Fe, 36.47% S -
Ilmenite FeO x TiO2 31.56% Ti, 36.81% Fe, 31.63% O 52.65% TiO2, 47.35% FeO
Jacobsite MnO x Fe2O3 44.21% Fe, 26.58% Mn, 28.15% O, 1.07% Mg 63.20% Fe2O3, 34.3% MnO
Johannsenite CaO x MnO x 2SiO2 16.21% Ca, 22.23% Mn, 22.72% Si, 38.84% O 22.69% CaO, 28.70% MnO, 48.62% SiO2
Knebelite 2FexM(1-x)O x SiO2 Different Different
Larnite 2CaO x SiO2 46.54% Ca, 16.31% Si, 37.16% O 65.12% CaO, 34.88% SiO2
Galena PbS 86.60% Pb, 13.40% S -
Lime (Calcia) CaO 71.47% Ca, 28.53% O 100% CaO
Manganese sulfide MnS 63.14% Mn, 36.86% S -
Magnesite MgCO3 28.83% Mg, 14.25% C, 56.93% O 47.80% CaO, 52.20% CO2
Magnetite Fe3O4 72.36% Fe, 27.64% O 100% Fe3O4
Manganosite MnO 77.45% Mn, 22.55% O 100% MnO
Marcasite FeS2 46.55% Fe, 53.45% S -
Matraite ZnS 67.10% Zn, 32.90% S -
Merwinite 3CaO x MgO x 2SiO2 36.58% Ca, 7.39% Mg, 17.09% Si, 38.94% O 51.18% CaO, 12.26% MgO, 36.56% SiO2
Mg-ferrite MgO x Fe2O3 12.15% Mg, 55.84% Fe, 31.99% O 20.14% MgO, 79.83% FeO2
MgS MgS 43.11% Mg, 56.88% S -
Millerite NiS 64.67% Ni, 35.33% S -
Mn-anorthite MnO x Al2O3 x 2SiO2 20.67% Al, 21.04% Mn, 21.51% Si, 36.77% O 39.95% Al2O3, 27.16% MnO, 46.01% SiO2
Mn-cordierite 2MnO x 2Al2O3 x 5SiO2 13.07% Al, 17.74% Mn, 22.67% Si, 46.50% O 25.49% Al2O3, 22.90% MnO, 48.49% SiO2
Molybdenite Mo2S 85.68% Mo, 14.32 % S -
Monticellite MgO x CaO x SiO2 25.61% Ca, 15.53% Mg, 17.95% Si, 40.90% O 35.84% CaO, 25.76% MgO, 38.40% SiO2
Mullite 3Al2O3 x 2SiO2 38.0% Al, 13.18% Si, 48.82% O 71.79% Al2O3, 28.21% SiO2
Oldhamite (Ca,Mg,Fe)S 50% Ca, 1.68% Mg, 3.87% Fe, 44.45% Fe -
Olivine 2(Mg,Fe)O x SiO2 25.37% Mg, 14.57% Fe, 18.32% Si, 41.74% O 42.06% MgO, 18.75% FeO, 39.19% SiO2
Others phases See the link See the link See the link
Para-wollastonite CaO x SiO2 34.50% Ca, 24.18% Si, 41.32% O 48.28% CaO, 51.72% SiO2
Pentlandite (Fe,Ni)S 32.56% Fe, 34.21% Ni, 33.23% S -
Periclase MgO 60.30% Mg, 39.70% O 100% MgO
Perovskite CaO x TiO2 29.48% Ca, 35.22% Ti, 35.30% O 41.25% CaO, 58.75% TiO2
Picrochromite MgO x Cr2O3 12.63% Mg, 54.07% Cr, 33.28% O 20.94% MgO, 79.02% Cr2O3
Protoenstatite MgO x SiO2 24.21% Mg, 27.97% Si, 47.81% O 40.14% MgO, 59.84% SiO2
Pseudo-wollastonite CaO x SiO2 34.50% Ca, 24.18% Si, 41.32% O 48.28% CaO, 51.72% SiO2
Pyrite FeS2 46.55% Fe, 53.45% S -
Pyrope 3MgO x Al2O3 x 3SiO2 18.09% Mg, 13.39% Al, 20.90% Si, 47.63% O 29.99% MgO, 25.29% Al2O3, 44.71% SiO2
Pyrhotite FeS 62.33% Fe, 37.67% S -
Quartz SiO2 52.93% Al2O3, 47.07% O 100% SiO2
Rankinite 3CaO x 2SiO2 41.69% Ca, 19.48% Si, 38.83% O 58.33% CaO, 41.67% SiO2
Rhodonite MnO x SiO2 38.29% Mn, 27.85% Si, 37.17% O, traces 49.44% MnO, 46.53% SiO2
Rutile TiO2 59.94% Ti, 40.06% O 100% TiO2
Sapphirine 4MgO x 5Al2O3 x 2SiO2 21.34% Mg, 25.67% Al, 6.17% Si, 46.83% O 35.39% MgO, 48.49% Al2O3, 13.19% SiO2
Shannonite 2CaO x SiO2 46.53% Ca, 16.30% Si, 37.15% O 65.10% CaO, 34.86% SiO2
Spessartite 3MnO x Al2O3 x 3SiO2 33.29% Mn, 10.90% Al, 17.02% Si, 38.78% O 20.59% Al2O3, 42.98% MnO, 36.40% SiO2
Sphene CaO x SiO2 x TiO2 20.44% Ca, 24.41% Ti, 14.32% Si, 40.80% O, traces 28.59% CaO, 40.71% TiO2, 30.63% SiO2
Spinel MgO x Al2O3 17.08% Mg, 37.93% Al, 44.58% O 28.33% MgO, 71.67% Al2O3
Tephroite 2MnO x SiO2 54.41% Mn, 13.91% Si, 31.69% O 70.25% MnO, 29.75% SiO2
Tenorite CuO 79.89% Cu, 20.11% O 100% CuO
Ternary oxide phases Different Different Different
Tridymite SiO2 52.93% Al2O3, 47.07% O 100% SiO2
TiS TiS 59.88% Ti, 40.12% S -
Ti3O5 Ti3O5 35.77% O, 64.23% Ti -
Troilite FeS 63.53% Fe, 36.47% S -
Wollastonite CaO x SiO2 34.50% Ca, 24.18% Si, 41.32% O 48.28% CaO, 51.72% SiO2
Wolframite (Fe,Mn)WO4 9.06% Mn, 9.21% Fe, 60.63% W, 21.10% O 11.70% MnO, 11.85% FeO, 76.46% WO3
Wustite FeO 77.73% Fe, 22.27% O 100% FeO
Wurtzite (Zn,Fe)S 60.98% Zn, 5.79% Fe, 33.23% S -
Zincite ZnO 80.34% Zn, 19.66% O 100% ZnO
ZrS ZrS 73.99% Zr, 26.01% S -
   Source: Kiessling and Lange, Non-metallic inclusions in steel, 1964-1968.

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