Possible inclusion sources

Possible inclusion sources

Possible inclusion source	Key elements
Furance slag	Ca
Furnace refractories	Ca
Furance ferroalloys	Ca, Al Si
Tapping launder refractories	Mg, Ti, K
Tapping oxidation	FeO
Ladle deoxidation, ladle slag	Ca, Mg
Ladle refractories	Mg, Ti, K
Teeming stopper and nozzle refractories	Mg, Ti, K
Teeming oxidation, deoxidation	FeO
Ingot mould refractories, deoxidation	Mg, Ti, K
Heat treatment and rolling, surface oxidation	FeO
Heat treatment and rolling, surface sulphurization	FeS
Heat treatment and rolling, inner oxidation	SiO2
Heat treatment and rolling, hot-shortness	FeS
Welding, welding slags	Ca, To
Welding, welding coatings	Ti, V
Welding, steel inclusions	Ti, V
Welding, hot tearing	S