Non-Metallic Inclusions in Steels

Micro Inclusions

(Ce, La)S inclusion in TRIP steel
(Ce,La)S, (Al,Ce,La)2O3 inclusions in C-Mn-Si steel with Nb and Ti
(Fe, Mn)S, Al2O3, Ce2O3 inclusions in cast hot work tool steel
(Fe,Mn)S inclusions in ASTM A504 rail steel
(Mg, Mn)S particle in hot metal sample
(Mn, Cr)S in different steel types
(Mn, Cr, RE)-oxysulfides in 25% Cr duplex stainless steel
(Mn,Cr)S inclusions in AISI 3303 stainless steel
(Mn,Fe)S inclusions in 1.0715 steel
(Mn,La)S inclusions in ASTM A216 steel
(Mn0.9Ti0.1)S, (Ce, La)S, (Al, Ce, La)2O3, Ti(C,N) inclusions in C–Mn–Si steel
(Si,Ca,Mn,Al)O, (Si,Ca,Al)O, (Si,Mn)O, (Si,Ca,Al)O, (Si,Ca,Mg)O inclusions in tire cord steel
(Ti, Ca)-oxide in 409L stainless steel
(Ti,Ca)-oxides and Ti-nitrides in 409L stainless steels II
(Ti,Cr)2O3, Ti-Si-Cr-(Al-Mn-O), MgAl2O4-TiOx, TiN inclusions in ferritic stainless steel
25MnCrSiVB6 steel
2Al2O3-MgO-CaS inclusion in structural steel
3D MnS inclusions in 42CrMo4 steel
3D non-metallic inclusion morphology observed in deep etched steels
A MnO/TiO2/Al2O3 complex inclusion in SUS 304 stainless steel
A SEM image of a fatigue crack initiating aluminium oxide inclusion on the fracture surface of a fatigue specimen
A cluster of aluminate inclusions in as-cast P20 tool steel
A cluster partially built up by dendrites in tundish and clusters from clogging material
A large faceted and a number of small spherical aluminium oxide particles on top of a polycarbonate membrane
A scratch on the surface of a hot rolled coil-alumina inclusions
A typical calcium aluminate inclusion surrounded with a CaS ring observed in a high carbon Si killed low aluminum steel
A typical partial modified Al2O3 inclusion in Ca treated Al-killed steels
A typical topography of Al2O3 inclusions in steel
Absorption of non-metallic inclusions by steelmaking slags
Accicular aluminate crystals in a light-grey matrix
Advanced SEM methodology for tracking reoxidation in the tundish
Agglomeration of TiN particles during casting
Agglomeration of silica inclusions in an 80-kg ingot
Agglomeration of small polyhedral particles may lead to the formation of large aggregates and, after sintering, to large polyhedra in steels
Aggregates of Al2O3 inclusions in steel
Aggregates, dendritic and plate-like clusters near the surface of the final sample
Al Ca and Zr distributions in an inclusion of a sample extracted from a liquid pool deoxidized with "hypercal"
Al inclusions observed after Ti alloying
Al oxide, Ti-Al oxide, TiN, Al-Mg oxide inclusions in low carbon steel
Al oxide, TiN, Al-Mg oxide inclusions in steel
Al, Ca and Ce distribution in an inclusion of a sample extracted from the liquid pool by a quartz tube containing a RE-wire
Al, Ca, Ce and La distributions in a liquid pool CaSi deoxidized
Al, Ca, Mg and Si oxides in tool steel
Al, Ca, Si, Mn, O and S inclusions in HSLA steel
Al-Ca inclusion in carbon steel (rotative bending)
Al-Ca oxide inclusion in line pipe steel
Al-Ca oxide inclusion in line pipe steel
Al-Si-Ca-Mn-Fe inclusion in ASTM A36 steel
Al-oxide and Y-oxide inclusions in SOC-9 and SOC-14 steels
Al-rich inclusion in the facture surface of JIS S10C steel
Al-rich oxides and titanium nitrides in IF steels
Al-silicate inclusion in 4340 ESR ingot
Al2O3 + MnS + TiN inclusions in low alloy steel I
Al2O3 + MnS + TiN inclusions in low alloy steel II
Al2O3 - Sharp-edged lamelliform non-metallic inclusions
Al2O3 and TiN inclusions in spring steel
Al2O3 cluster inclusions in LCAK steel
Al2O3 clusters in steel
Al2O3 dendrite in steel
Al2O3 in aluminium killed steel
Al2O3 inclusion in LCAK steel
Al2O3 inclusion in SCM415 steel
Al2O3 inclusions in PM JIS-SUJ2 steel
Al2O3 inclusions in molten Fe-Al alloy
Al2O3 inclusions in molten iron
Al2O3 inclusions in the reaction zone of electrolytic iron I
Al2O3 inclusions in the reaction zone of electrolytic iron II
Al2O3 inclusions in the reaction zone of electrolytic iron III
Al2O3 inclusions in the reaction zone of electrolytic iron IV
Al2O3 inclusions in the reaction zone of electrolytic iron V
Al2O3 inclusions in the reaction zone of electrolytic iron VI
Al2O3 inclusions in the reaction zone of electrolytic iron VII
Al2O3 x CaO inclusions in laboratory test steel samples
Al2O3 x MgO x CaO inclusions in pipeline steel
Al2O3, Al2O3 x CaO inclusions in 316LC stainless steel
Al2O3, Al2O3 x MgO, CaO inclusions in steel
Al2O3, Al2O3 x MgO, MnS inclusions in C45 steel
Al2O3, Al2O3-CaO and complex inclusion in slabs
Al2O3, Al2O3–MgO–SiO2 inclusions in elytrolytic iron
Al2O3, CaO, MgO and SiO2 inclusions in 42CrMo4 steel
Al2O3, MgO, MnS and CaS inclusions in SFVQ1A steel
Al2O3, MnS inclusions in 440 MPa-class plain carbon steel
Al2O3, MnS inclusions in S235 steel
Al2O3, MnS, CaO x Al2O3 inclusions in steel for cold sheets
Al2O3-CaO and CaS-MnS inclusions in weathering steel
Al2O3-CaS inclusion in steel with low and high sulfur
Al2O3-CaS-MgAl2O4 inclusions in electrical steel
Al2O3-MgO inclusionin steel
Al2O3-MgO, MnS, TiN inclusions in GCr15 steel
Al2O3-MnO-MnS inclusion in bearing steel
Al2O3-MnS inclusion in structural steel
Al2O3-MnS inclusions in 1.1201, 1.7139, 1.7225 steels
Al2O3-TiN, Al2O3-TiN-Ti2O3 inclusions in Ti-alloyed Al-killed steel grade
Al2O3–SiO2–CaO–MnO–MgO–FeO inclusions in silicon-killed SAE 1005 steel
AlCaO, TiN inclusions in 100Cr6 steel
AlN inclusions in austenitic stainless steel
AlN inclusions in steel
AlN inclusions in weld, high aluminium E7O-T4
AlN inclusions in weld, high aluminium E7O-T4
AlN with Fe-rich areas in in weld, high aluminium E7O-T4
AlN, MnS inclusions in high Mn TWIP steels
Alpha-Al2O3 (corundum) inclusions in Al deoxidized ESR ingots
Alumina and alumina-calcia inclusions 316LC stainless steel
Alumina and galaxite inclusions in A529 ladle steel specimen
Alumina and sulfide inclusions in 1.0301 steel
Alumina clogs at the submerged entry nozzle during continuous casting of low-carbon Al-killed steel
Alumina cluster arranged around the circumference of a former bubble in steel slab
Alumina cluster during deoxidation of low carbon steel by aluminum
Alumina clusters in ultra low carbon steel
Alumina dendrites in A529 steel
Alumina galaxies associated with MnS II in an Al deoxidized ESR ingot
Alumina galaxies associated with MnS II in RII-I2 ESR ingot
Alumina inclusion in surface of AISI 316 steel
Alumina inclusion morphologies in low carbon aluminum killed steel
Alumina inclusion morphologies in steel
Alumina inclusions formed during the deoxidation of LCAK steel
Alumina inclusions formed during the deoxidation of LCAK steel
Alumina inclusions in 0.13C-0.28Si-1.41Mn steel
Alumina inclusions in 1.1191 steel
Alumina inclusions in 1.1191 steel
Alumina inclusions in 1018S steel
Alumina inclusions in SEN clogged port
Aluminates in as-cast P20 tool steel
Aluminates in steel
Aluminates in weought P20 tool steel
Aluminium oxide inclusion in fracture surface of hydrogen charged tensile speciemen of AISI 10B22 steel
Aluminium oxide inclusions in 0.33C-0.29Si-1.49Mn steel
An example of a non-metallic inclusions featured by an oxide core and a surrounding Sulfide crown in steel
An example of pure Al2O3 non metallic inclusions in steel
Analysis of alumina clusters in ultra low carbon steel
Analysis of heats with no calcium addition in the ladle
Applications to oxide metallurgy (inclusion control)
Aspex images of MnS, alumina, and CA inclusions in steel
Automated inclusion analysis for steel
Automated non-metallic inclusion analysis in LCAK steel
Automated non-metallic inclusion analysis in the three plants
Automatic SEM/EDS analysis of inclusions in 55SiCr6 steel
Automatic analysis of non-metallic inclusions in steel using SEM-EDS
BN in fracture surface of 9%Cr-Mo-Co-B steel(CB2)
BN inclusions in C45BN steel
BN, (Fe,Cr)3O4, FeO, Cr2O3 phases in 9Cr3W3CoVNbBN steel
BSE images of extracted inclusions from steel sample
BSE micrograph of diffusion front in sample (1800 ppm O, 1 s), showing the “precipitate-free” free zone
Ba inclusions in steel
Back-scattered electron (BSE) micrograph of a manganese silicate inclusion in polished steel surface
Bismuth in the forged ingot of H13(+Bi) steel
Boride inclusions in X19CrMoVNbN11-1 steel
Boron nitride inclusions formed during the slow cooling heat treatment after a re-dissoluted boron nitride treatment of P122 steel
CRM 035-2 certified reference material for non-metallic inclusions in steel
CRM 059-2 certified reference material for non-metallic inclusions in steel
CSLM image of Al2O3 particle dissolution in various molten slags at 1550°C
CSLM image of MgO particle dissolution in various molten slags at 1550°C
Ca inclusion steel
Ca inclusions in Ca treated steel
Ca inclusions in aluminum killed steels (LCAK)
Ca inclusions in calcium-modified weathering steel
Ca treatment stages
CaO particle in iron phase surrounded by a CaS product layer in hot metal sample
CaO x Al2O3 inclusions - Automatic SEM/EDS analysis
CaO-Al2O3-CaS inclusion in steel
CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2, MnS, ZrO2 inclusions - electrolytic extraction
CaO·2Al2O3 + MgO, CaO·6Al2O3 + MgO inclusions in 22GYu, 10G2FB, 09GSF steels
CaS and MnS inclusions in steel
CaS, MnS inclusions in carbon steel
CaS, MnS, Al2O3, SiO2, Al2O3-SiO2, Al2O3-MgO, Al2O3-CaO, Na-K inclusions in medium carbon steel
CaS-CaO inclusion in structural steel
Calcium aluminate and manganese sulfide in the resulphurised steel
Calcium aluminate in 1018S steel
Calcium aluminate inclusion in 1018S steel
Calcium aluminate surrounded by a scale of calcium sulfide
Calcium aluminate with CaS ring in steel
Calcium aluminate-sulfide inclusion in constructional steel
Calcium aluminate/calcium sulfide interfaces of inclusions in CaSi deozidized ESR ingots
Calcium silicate in 1018S steel
Calcium sulfide and aluminium oxide inclusions in 51CrV4 spring steel
Calcium-aluminate inclusion from a heavily Al-deoxidized ESR ingot
Calcium-treated inclusions in aluminium-killed low carbon steel
Carbonitride inlusions in high-Cr ferritic stainless steels
Carbonitride, nitride, sulfide and oxide inclusions in high-Cr ferritic stainless steels
Ce inclusions in 25Cr-20Ni steel
CeAlO3, Ce2SiO5 inclusions in X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7 steel
CeO2, CeAlO3, Ce2O2S particles in austenitic manganese steel
Cerium oxide particles may cause pinning of grain boundaries in steel
Change of morphology of MnS in the Fe-Ni-Mn alloy
Chrome-titanium carbonitrides, manganese Sulfides and aluminium oxides in ferrochromium alloy
Chromite inclusion in Ni-Cr-Mo steel
Chromium galaxite
Classification of MnS inclusions - 3D method
Clogging inclusions
Cluster of alumina inclusions in steel
Cluster of octahedral spinel crystals and hercynite-galaxite inclusions in steel
Cluster of particles in hot metal sample
Clustering of alumina inclusions in liquid steel
Clustering of alumina inclusions in molten iron
Cold crucible remelting (CCR) method for assessment of inclusions in steels
Comparative characteristics of different non-metallic inclusions in steels
Comparison between inclusions in molten steel obtained at 3 min and 18 min after the addition of aluminum
Comparison of 2D investigation and 3D investigation of NMI
Comparison of inclusions between ingot casted and ESR/PESR remelted common martensitic stainless steel
Complex NMI in low alloy steel II
Complex duplex magnesium sulfide and silicate inclusion in ductile iron
Complex inclusion Al2O3-(Mn,Fe)S in cast steel
Complex inclusion in 51CrV4 spring steel
Complex inclusion in 51CrV4 spring steel
Complex inclusion in a longitudial section from steel
Complex inclusion in steel 1.2375
Complex inclusion in type 316L stainless steel
Complex inclusions in AISI 4335 steel
Complex inclusions in C-Mn-B steel
Complex inclusions in Ca-added steel
Complex inclusions in FV520B steel
Complex inclusions in austenitic stainless steel
Complex inclusions in grades X52, X65 and X70 steels
Complex inclusions in runner samples
Complex multiphase inclusion in armor steel
Complex non-metallic inclusion with Se in non-oriented electrical steel sheet
Complex oxide in API X70 linepipe steel
Composite of light photomicrographs showing Type II MnS inclusions and Al2O3 inclusion clusters in steel
Composition maps from an inclusion extracted from a liquid pool deoxidized with "hypercal"
Composition profiles and maps of an inclusion in a sample extracted from a (ESR) liquid pool deoxidized with "hypercal"
Conical fracture during twist-type stranding of steel cord wire, caused by a hard macroscopic spinel-type MgO x Al2O3 inclusion
Control and modification of MnS inclusions
Copper–selenides and and complex inclusions that contain copper–selenides in non-oriented electrical steel
Corundom and Mg-spinel
Corundum in manganese aluminosilicate matrix and calcium aluminate matrix of 1018S and A529 steels
Corundum with Cr2O3 in solid solution
Cr2N in Cr-Mn steel I
Cross section of Japanese sword
Deformation behavior of inclusions in AISI 304 stainless steel
Dendrites and dendritic clusters in ladle, tundish and slab
Dendritic Al2O3 inclusion in steel
Dendritic and clustered alumina inclusion in pure iron
Detection of boron nitrides in creep resistant steels (CB2A, CB2 and NPM1)
Detection of non-metallic inclusions in steels with CT I
Detection of non-metallic inclusions in steels with CT II
Detection of non-metallic inclusions in steels with CT III
Different inclusion types (all galaxite) in steel
Different inclusions in type 303, 304 and 321 stainless steels
Different types of 'scales' of MnS around silicate inclusions
Different types of inclusions in rolled steel
Distribution of Sn along/around sulfide particles in steel with Sn and Cu
Distribution of TiN in ultra high strength steel
Distribution of non-metallic inclusions in a continuous cast 16MnCr5 steel
Duplex inclusion in 1018S steel
Duplex inclusion in 1018S steel
Duplex inclusions in 21% Cr ferritic stainless steel
Duplex inclusions in 21% Cr ferritic stainless steel
Duplex oxy-sulfide, pure MnS and pure Al2O3 in high-sulphur tool steel ingot
EAF carbon steel slag
EBSD analysis of acicular ferrite with inclusion in steel
EDS X-ray maps of class A and class B inclusions in steel
EDS line scanning of transferring CaO–MgO–Al2O3 system inclusions in steel
EDS spectrum of inclusions of macro and micro-inclusions in 4J43 alloy
EDS-Mappings of the first kind of CaO–Al2O3–MgO system typical inclusions in steel
EDS-Mappings of the second kind of CaO–Al2O3–MgO system inclusions in steel
Early stage of inclusion growth in steel
Effect Te on the morphology of alumina particles in liquid steel
Effect of Al content on oxide inclusions in as-cast low carbon steel
Effect of Ti content on oxide inclusions in as-cast Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel
Effect of calcium treatment on mechanical properties
Effect of calcium treatment on non-metallic inclusions
Effect of cooling rate on oxide inclusions in as-cast Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel
Effect of inclusions on creation and linking of voids during deformation
Effect of oxygen content on oxide inclusions in as cast Zr treated low and ultra low carbon steel
Electro slag in the fusion line after welding
Electrolytic extraction method for the non-metallic inclusions in steel
Element mapping of a complex oxy-sulfide inclusion in steel
Endogenous inclusions in steel
Ends of dendrite tips frequently consist of apparently agglomerated particles, which form larger and faceted particles due to sintering
Enstatite in nodular cast iron
Estimation of size for single inclusions and clusters by 2D and 3D investigation
Estimation of size for single inclusions and clusters by 2D and 3D investigation
Estimation of size for sulfide by 2D and 3D investigation
Estimation of sizes for single inclusions and clusters by 2D and 3D investigation
Evolution of inclusion morphologies (after extraction) as a function of pO2
Evolution of non-metallic inclusions
Example of TiN formed in the interdendrite spacings in steel
Example of a complex oxide micro-inclusions formed due to deoxidation/reoxidation
Example of an anorthite inclusion found in a steel at the end of the LF treatment
Example of inclusion with alumina core and surrounding (Mn,Cr)-Sulfide phase in steel
Example of non-metallic TiN inclusions in steel
Examples of classified inclusion morphologies in different steel samples
Examples of faceted Al2O3 inclusion in steel
Examples of inclusions in steel samples
Exemplary SEM-images of detected Al2O3 particles on the analysed sample area
Exogenous inclusions from ladle inner nozzle
Extraction of fine inclusion particles in steel
FE-SEM image of the autoradiograph around MnS inclusion
FGA formation mechanism of bearing steel in rotating bending fatigue test
Faceted and plate-like inclusions in LCSAK steel clusters
Factors influencing the clustering of alumina inclusions
Failure initiated at surface inclusion in SAE 4140 steel
Fatigue initiating defects (inclusion stringers, slag,..) in AISI H13 hot work tool steel I
Fatigue initiating defects (inclusion stringers, slag,..) in AISI H13 hot work tool steel II
FeS - hot shortness in the steel
FeTiP non-metallic inclusions
Fine crystalline MnS in silicate inclusion with cristobalite
Finely crystallized calcium aluminate matrix with calcium-manganese sulfide
Fracture surface after tensile test with the bar-shaped MnS inclusions
Galaxite and chromium galaxite in 1018S steel
Galaxite dendrites envelop a sphere, and are explained by formation from liquid oxide inclusions due to atmospheric oxidation
Galaxite in A529 steel
Glassy Al2O3 (globular) inclusions found in 1018S furnace tap steel sample
Globular aluminosilicate inclusion in steel
Globular oxide inclusion in high carbon wire rod steel
Growth form of corundum and equilibrium form of corundum in steel
Growth of inclusions during secondary metallurgy in steels
Hydrogen concentration around a MnS inclusion in X-65 pipeline steel
Hydrogen permeation estimated by hmt in carbon steel exposed to gaseous hydrogen
IGF nucleation at the (gamma/I) interface in Ti–oxide inclusions at 750°C in the TiO steel and in MnS inclusion at 740°C in the MnS steel
Images from the confocal scanning laser microscope, showing the growth of alumina inclusions
Images of CaO x 2Al2O3 inclusions recorded with the CSLM
Images of alumina inclusions recorded with the CSLM
Images of spinel inclusions recorded with the CSLM
In-situ observation non-metallic inclusions in Ti-killed C-Mn steel
Incluions in fracture surface of Cr-Mo-V-B steel
Inclusion classes in calcium treated steels
Inclusion clusters in LCAK steel
Inclusion detection and analysis using polished cross-sections
Inclusion extraction methods
Inclusion in acicular ferrite of weld metal
Inclusion in the liquid high carbon steel after ladle treatment
Inclusion layer near the ingot surafce in electrolytic iron
Inclusion of FeO
Inclusion particles obtained at 1 s after the aluminum deoxidation I
Inclusion particles obtained at 1 s after the aluminum deoxidation II
Inclusion particles obtained at 1 s after the aluminum deoxidation III
Inclusion particles obtained at 1 s after the aluminum deoxidation IV
Inclusion size and its distribution obtained by the inclusion extraction technique for the Tundish samples
Inclusion types given by REM additions to construction steels
Inclusion types given by REM additions to high-carbon steels
Inclusions after heating exhibit a sintered structure in contrast to original particles
Inclusions and fracture mechanics
Inclusions before and after ESR process
Inclusions evolution in Fe–0.1C–1.5Mn–0.1Si–xTi–0.005O–0.007S steel
Inclusions extracted from a Ca-Si-deoxidized ESR ingot by the iodine-methyl acetate-methyl alcohol method I
Inclusions extracted from a Ca-Si-deoxidized ESR ingot by the iodine-methyl acetate-methyl alcohol method II
Inclusions from tundish samples, aggregate and dendritic growth on polyhedral
Inclusions in DP-Type and TRIP-Type cold rolled steel sheet
Inclusions in DP-Type and TRIP-Type cold rolled steel sheet II
Inclusions in 18G2A steel
Inclusions in 3CR12 steel
Inclusions in 4140 steel
Inclusions in AISI 1536 steel
Inclusions in AISI 316 steel
Inclusions in AISI H13 steel
Inclusions in Ca-modified weathering steel
Inclusions in Cu bearing duplex stainless steel
Inclusions in Fe-30Mn-9Al-1Si-0.9C-0.5Mo steel
Inclusions in Fe–Al–Ti–O melt
Inclusions in Fe–Al–Ti–O melt
Inclusions in SAE 1141 steel
Inclusions in SUJ2 steel
Inclusions in SUS304 stainless steel
Inclusions in basic metal weld deposits with the different level of oxygen
Inclusions in carbon steels
Inclusions in case carburising steels
Inclusions in cast Fe-Mn-Al-C-Si alloy
Inclusions in farcture surface of cast steel
Inclusions in fatique fracture surfaces
Inclusions in high speed steel compacts-oxides from surface oxidation of powder
Inclusions in high speed steel powder-HIPped
Inclusions in high strength cast steel
Inclusions in ingot of electrolytic iron
Inclusions in low alloy steel (An autoradiographic technique for studying the segregation of hydrogen absorbed into steels)
Inclusions in low carbon AISI 316 nuclear grade stainless steel
Inclusions in low carbon free cutting steels
Inclusions in steel treated with the bismuth
Inclusions in type 444 stainless steel
Inclusions like aggregates
Inclusions like clusters
Inclusions may enhance failure of the steel
Inclusions of low-aluminum weld (E71T-8)
Inclusion of calcium aluminate with spinel core in 803J bearing steel
Influence of non-metallic inclusions on the fatigue properties of steel
Influence of non-metallicinclusions in super-finish wire cutting
Influence of oxygen content in the morphology of MnS inclusions in as-cast low carbon steels
Influence of temperature on size and neck growth of the constituent particles of alumina clusters in induction-stirred baths
Inlusion in steel 100Cr6
Inlusions in steel 100Cr6
Iron phosphide in as-cast grey iron
Iron sulfide, manganese sulfide, wustite in phosphate in carbon steel
Iron sulfide, wustite and fayalite in oxide scale
Iron sulfide, wustite and fayalite in oxide scale
Iron sulfide, wustite and fayalite in oxide scale
Iron sulfide-wustite eutectic in oxide scale
Line analysis of MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-FeO inclusion in electrolytic iron
Low quartz and tridymite in 1018S steel
Low quartz in 1018S steel
Macro inclusions in 70 t 12Cr2Mo1 steel ingot
Macroscopic coral-shaped cluster consisting of coalesced microscopic Al2O3 particles
Macroscopic steps at plate-like inclusions in steels
Manganese silicates and globular oxides in steel
Manganese sulfide and titanium carbonitride in steel
Manganese sulfide in 1018S steel
Manganese sulfide in 1018S steel
Manganese sulfide in A529 steel
Manganese sulfide in A529 steel
Manganese sulfide in A529 steel
Manganese sulfide in RWCHM stainless steel
Manganese sulfide in type 304 stainless steel
Manganese sulfide in type 316F stainless steel
Manganese sulfide inclusions coated with metallic lead in free-machining steel
Manganese sulfide inclusions in broken steel part
Manganese sulfide inclusions in malleable iron
Manganese sulfides in steels
Manganosite in A529 steel
Mapping of inclusions Type 6 and 7 in ORVAR 2M steel
Metallographic examination of 1.4301 and (b) 1.4305 stainless steels after mechanical polishing
Mg inclusion shapes in polishing section and immersion nozzle after use
Mg-Al- Ce-O type inclusion in steel
Mg0 x Al2O3 x SiO2 x FeO inclusions in experimental steel
MgO, Al2O3, CaO, CaS inclusions in ultra low carbon steel
MgO, Al2O3, CaO, CaS, MnS inclusions in steel - Automatic NMI analysis
MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, Cr2O3, MnO, FeO oxides in EAF slag
MgO, MgO-FeO, ZrO2, ZrO2-FeO particles in Fe–10% Ni alloy
MgO-Al2O3-CaS inclusions in 44MnSiVS6 steel
MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-FeO inclusions in electrolytic iron
MgS x MgO inclusions in 35CrNi3MoV steel with 0.0140% Mg
MgS/MgO particle in hot metal sample
Micro-Inclusion classification according to DIN 50602
Micrographs of isolated inclusions, clusters, and aluminium oxide films in LCAK steel samples
Micrographs of small aggregated particles, smooth spherical inclusions, octahedral inclusions, and thin film with spherical inclusions in LCAK steel
Microstructures of typical inclusions in as-cast steel
Mixed (Mn,Fe)S and titanium oxide inclusion in cold-worked type 301 stainless steel
Mixed (Mn,Fe)S and titanium oxide inclusion in type 301 and 316 stainless steels
Mixed (Mn,Fe)S and titanium oxide inclusion in type 301 stainless steel
MnO inclusions in ferromanganese I
MnO inclusions in ferromanganese I
MnO x SiO2 x Nb2O5 inclusions in Nb steel
MnO-SiO2, MnO-Cr2O3 inclusions in AISI 304 stainless steel
MnO-rich inclusion in Orvar 2M steel
MnO-rich inclusions in Orvar 2M steel
MnO–TiO2 and MnS inclusions in low carbon steel
MnS and (Ti,Nb)CN inclusions in X65 grade line pipe steels
MnS and Al2O3 inclusions in X70 linepipe steel
MnS and TiN inclusions in AISI 303, 315 and 319 steels
MnS and TiN inclusions in carbon manganese steel
MnS and TiO inclusions in Jumbo steel
MnS and spinel inclusions in steel
MnS inclusion and oxide scale with FeS, wustite and fayalite
MnS inclusion in 51CrV4 spring steel
MnS inclusion in SS 2343 steel
MnS inclusion of type II
MnS inclusion of type III
MnS inclusions in 0.04C-17.5Cr-0.30S steel
MnS inclusions in 16MnCr5 steel
MnS inclusions in 20MnCrS5 steel
MnS inclusions in 316L stainless steel I
MnS inclusions in 316L stainless steel II
MnS inclusions in 3Cr-Mo steel
MnS inclusions in 42CD4 steel
MnS inclusions in AISI 303 stainless steel
MnS inclusions in AISI 304 stainless steel
MnS inclusions in API-5L grade X52 steel
MnS inclusions in S235JR steel
MnS inclusions in SAE 4140 steel I
MnS inclusions in SAE 4140 steel II
MnS inclusions in X20CrMoV12-1 creep-resistant steel
MnS inclusions in austenitic stainless steel I
MnS inclusions in austenitic stainless steel III
MnS inclusions in austenitic stainless steel IV
MnS inclusions in austenitic stainless steel V
MnS inclusions in carbon steel
MnS inclusions in cast of carbon steel, high in sulfur
MnS inclusions in ferromanganese III
MnS inclusions in fracture surface of axle shaft
MnS inclusions in steel with Sn I
MnS inclusions in steel with Sn and Cu II
MnS inclusions in sulphur-based master alloy
MnS inclusions in the free-cutting steel
MnS of type I in duplex with silicates in different steel types
MnS of type I with Cr in solid solution and Cr-galaxite
MnS precipitated on the surfaces of oxides in low carbon steel
MnS sulfides in 1.4529 stainless steel
MnS x Al2O3 inclusions in C–Mn ship structural steel
MnS x CeS and oxysulfide with MnS in steel
MnS, Al2O3 inclusions in A537 steel
MnS, Al2O3, Al2O3-MnS inclusions in high carbon steel
MnS, FeS inclusions in 4120 and 4140 steels (hydrogen trapping)
MnS, TiN inclusions in HSLA steel
MnS-Zr complex inclusions in Cr-Mo plastic mold steel
MnTiO3, Mn2TiO4 inclusions in low carbon high manganese steel
Modification of spinels in steel during Ca treatment
Morphologies of Al2O3 inclusions
Morphologies of inclusions extracted from 4J43 alloy
Morphologies of individual inclusions in 4J43 alloy
Morphology of manganese Sulfides depends on steel composition
Morphology of non-metallic inclusions - Al2O3 inclusions
Morphology of pure alumina clusters
Multi phase particle in hot metal sample
Multi-phased inclusion in austenitic stainless steel
Multiphase (relatively grown) inclusions in a 1020 ESR electrode
Multiphase inclusion in manganese silicon killed steel
Multiphase inclusions in C-Mn-B steel
NM's in ferritic-martensitic F82H-IEA steel
NMI in 280 and 316L steels - Sample preparation
NMI in 35B2+Cr steel
NMI in 35MnVS steel
NMI in AISI 316L stainless steel
NMI in ESR AISI H11 hot work tool steel
NMI in S275 JRC steel
NMI in SS400 low carbon steel
NMI in calcium treated steel
NMI in cast steel
NMI in high manganese austenitic steel
NMI in medium carbon steel
NMI in structural steel
NMI in vacuum degassed 38MnS6 steel
NMI with RE in medium carbon steel
NMI's in pipe line steels
Nano inclusions in steel strip
Niobium carbonitrides in low-carbon steel microalloyed with Nb, V and Ti
Nitrides in railway steel
Non metallic inclusions in tire cord breakage
Non-metallic inclusions in 1.0601 steel
Non-metallic inclusions in 1.4016 steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in 1.4301 steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in 1.4512 steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in 30MnVS6 steel
Non-metallic inclusions in 35B2+Cr steel
Non-metallic inclusions in 57SiCr6D, 3613, 100Cr6 steels
Non-metallic inclusions in Corus and Uddeholm steels
Non-metallic inclusions in F82H-IEA steel
Non-metallic inclusions in FeSi alloy
Non-metallic inclusions in FeTi alloy
Non-metallic inclusions in H11 tool steel
Non-metallic inclusions in H13 steel
Non-metallic inclusions in HCFeCr alloy
Non-metallic inclusions in IF steels
Non-metallic inclusions in Jumbo, TiO and MnS steels
Non-metallic inclusions in Mirrax steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in Nimax steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in REM treated stainless steels
Non-metallic inclusions in Riva carbon steel
Non-metallic inclusions in SUS410J1 and SUS440B steels
Non-metallic inclusions in SUS410J1 steel
Non-metallic inclusions in SUS440B steel
Non-metallic inclusions in SiMn alloy
Non-metallic inclusions in Ultra low carbon steel and IF steels
Non-metallic inclusions in X20Cr13 steel
Non-metallic inclusions in X20Cr13 steel
Non-metallic inclusions in X22CrMoV12-1 steel
Non-metallic inclusions in centrifugal cast steel
Non-metallic inclusions in ductile iron
Non-metallic inclusions in fracture surface of very high strength steel
Non-metallic inclusions in high-grade steel for machine parts
Non-metallic inclusions in high-silicon non-calcium treated (HSiNC) stainless steels
Non-metallic inclusions in high-strength steel welds
Non-metallic inclusions in low carbon steel
Non-metallic inclusions in medium carbon steel
Non-metallic inclusions in medium carbon steel
Non-metallic inclusions in molten iron
Non-metallic inclusions in nitriding steel
Non-metallic inclusions in small punch specimen from 18Ch2MFA steel
Non-metallic inclusions in stainless steel
Non-metallic inclusions in stainless steels
Non-metallic inclusions in steels
Non-metallic inclusions in teel grade A - SSAB during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in teel grade C - SSAB during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in the conventional continuously cast and UCS steels
Non-metallic inclusions in weld, high aluminium E7O-T4
Non-metallic inclusions in weld, low-aluminum weld E71T-8
Non-octahedral inclusions in steels
Nonmetallic inclusions in the centrifugally cast pipes
Nucleation IGF at a cluster of MnS particles in the MnS steel
Nucleation of IGF at the Ti–oxide inclusions in the TiO steel
Optical micrograph showing BWING and a row of MnS particles formed along dislocations in steel I
Optical micrograph showing BWING and a row of MnS particles formed along dislocations in steel II
Optical micrograph showing BWING and a row of MnS particles formed along dislocations in steel III
Optical micrograph showing BWING and a row of MnS particles formed along dislocations in steel IV
Optical microscopy images of acicular ferrite on inclusion in steel
Overview of published studies which considered the correlation of inclusion characteristics in different steel grades and their machinability parameters
Overview of the inclusion morphologies after acid extraction of the sample with 0.3 wt% dissolved Al
Overview of the morphology of the inclusions observed in the sample containing 0.04 wt% dissolved Al
Overview of the morphology of the inclusions observed in the sample containing 0.3 wt% dissolved Al
Overview of the numerous small spherical Al2O3 inclusions located in zone III in the final sample
Oxide and MnS inclusions in ASTM A516 steel
Oxide and MnS inclusions in steel
Oxide and sulfide inclusions in 35CrNi3MoV steel without Mg and with Mg
Oxide and sulfide inclusions in API 5LX65 steel
Oxide and sulfide inclusions in ESR ingot
Oxide inclusion as a failure initiating site in fracture surface of the 100Cr6 steel
Oxide inclusion in 90MnCrV8 steel
Oxide inclusion in BN1 steel
Oxide inclusion in S390 PM high speed steel
Oxide inclusion in S390 PM high speed steel
Oxide inclusion in S390 PM high speed steel
Oxide inclusion in X-65 carbon steel
Oxide inclusions in 0.041C-12.71Cr-3.70Ni-0.59% Mo steel
Oxide inclusions in AISI 4335 steel
Oxide inclusions in ORVAR SUPREME steel
Oxide inclusions in PM forged steel
Oxide inclusions in PM steel
Oxide inclusions in SAE 1015 steel
Oxide inclusions in X19CrMoVNbN11-1 steel
Oxide inclusions in high temperature austenitic stainless steel
Oxide inclusions in large ESR ingot
Oxide inclusions in low carbon steel - Calcium treatment
Oxide inclusions in medieval sword
Oxide inclusions in steel - Automatic SEM/EDS analysis
Oxide inclusions in weld metal for high strength steel
Oxides in as-cast steel
Oxides, sulfides and nitrides serving as nucleation sites for IGF
Oxysulfide, complex sulfide inclusions in microalloyed steel
Oxysulfides, sulfides inclusions in 18CrNi8 steel
Phosphide eutectic in pearlitic gay cast iron
Phosphide eutectic in pearlitic gay cast iron
Phosphide eutectic in pearlitic gay cast iron-Single-stage replica I
Phosphide eutectic in pearlitic gay cast iron-Single-stage replica II
Phosphide eutectic in white cast iron
Photographs and schematic illustrations of typical inclusions on a metal cross section before and after the hot rolling
Photographs of MnS inclusions in manufactured AISI 303 steels
Photographs of TiN inclusions in manufactured AISI 315 and AISI 319 steels
Piece of clogging deposit
Plate like inclusions
Plate-like clusters in clogging deposit
Plate-like inclusions in clusters occur frequently as dendrites
Plate-like inclusions in steel
Plate-like overgrowth onto existing particles in steels
Plate-like overgrowth onto existing particles in steels
Production of certified reference material for non-metallic inclusions in steel
Pure MgO inclusion in constructional steel
Qualitative influence of different non-metallic inclusions (NMI) on some mechanical properties and mechanical machinability of steels
RE inclusions in 21Cr–11Ni steel
RE inclusions in GP240GH and G17CrMo5-5 cast steels
RE inclusions in low and high carbon steels
RE inclusions in steel
RE-O-S-As inclusions in high carbon steels
Rare earth inclusion in the steel with the rare earth elements
Rare earth inclusions in 3Mn, 3MnNb, 5Mn, 5MnNb steels
Rare earth oxysulfides (Re2O2S) found at the slab quarter depth position
Round duplex inclusion in steel
Round duplex inclusion in steel
Round duplex inclusion in steel
Round duplex inclusion in steel
Round duplex inclusion in steel
Round duplex inclusions in steel
Round manganese sulicate and manganese oxide inclusion
Round manganese-iron oxide and manganese sulfide inclusion
SEM and TEM analysis of AlN inclusions in high-Al ingot
SEM image and EPMA analysis of Al2O3 particle dissolution in various molten slags at 1550°C
SEM image and EPMA analysis of MgO particle dissolution in various molten slags at 1550°C
SEM image of acicular ferrite on inclusion in steel I
SEM image of acicular ferrite on inclusion in steel II
SEM image of phases in FC800 ferroalloy microstructure
SEM image of the interface between inclusion and steel matrix in SAE 52100 steel
SEM images and EPMA data of inclusions in Fe–11%Cr–0.4%Si–Ti–N melt
SEM images of typical inclusion observed in specimen A; as cast, after 60 min heating at 1473 K, and after 180 min heating at 1473 K
SEM images of typical inclusion observed in specimen B; as cast, after 60 min heating at 1473 K, and after 180 min heating at 1473 K
SEM images of typical inclusion observed in specimen C; as cast, after 60 min heating at 1473 K, and after 180 min heating at 1473 K
SEM micrograph of MnO–SiO2/MnS complex particles in the Fe-Ni-Mn alloy
SEM micrograph showing the AF laths around Ti-oxide and Ti-oxysulfide inclusions in low alloyed steel
SEM micrographs (surface) of A) EAF 1, 0 month sample B) EAF 1, 24 month sample
SEM observations of the incipient period of IGF nucleation on MnS inclusions and grown-up acicular ferrite on MnS inclusions
SEM photos of inclusions containing Al and Ti in steel
SEM-EDX analysis of the TiO steel inclusions
SEM-EDX analysis of the complex Ti inclusion in steel
Sand and reoxidation particles in carbon steel
Scanning Auger electron micrograph of a corroded Cu-enriched manganese sulfide inclusion in 316 type stainless steel
Schematic illustrations of inspected sections and typical inclusions in different steel samples
Semi-Cluster type microinclusions in steel
Semi-cluster type microinclusions in steel
Semi-clusters inclusions in steel
Shape different Al2O3 inclusions in LCAK steel
SiO2 x Al2O3 x CaO inclusions in LF steel
SiO2 x MnO-FeO inclusions in medium carbon steel
SiO2-Al2O3-MnO-TiO2 inclusions in electrical steel
Silicate inclusion in a longitudial section from steel
Silicate inclusions in the spindle shaft
Silicates and sulfides in wrought steel
Single phase inclusions in partially and fully molten regions in a 1020 ESR electrode tip
Single phase inclusions in partially and fully molten regions in a 1020 ESR electrode tip
Singular micro-inclusions in steel
Singular micro-inclusions in steel
Singular micro-inclusions in steel
Singular micro-inclusions in steel
Singular micro-inclusions in steel
Singular platelets of inclusions in steels
Slag inclusion in 10CrMo9-10 steel
Slag samples from the 60 tons EAF furnace
Small hercynite inclusions in a weld
Small inclusions may originate from aggregated particles in steels
Small inclusions may originate from aggregated particles in steels
Some examples of alumina inclusions in steel
Source of the macro inclusions in the ingot bottom teeming system
Spherical Al2O3 inclusions in steel
Spherical aluminium oxide inclusion largely covered by titanium nitride in polished steel surface
Spherical calcium aluminate (core) with (peripheral) sulfide phases in CaSi deoxidized ESR ingots
Spherical calcium aluminate inclusion in steel
Spherical inclusion in constructional steel
Spherical inclusions
Spherical precipitates in the slowly cooled sample and small angular precipitates in the relatively rapid cooled sample
Spheriodisation in dendritic clusters in the LCSAK steel
Spheroidal inclusions of aluminium oxide and galaxite inclusions in 0.13C-0.28Si-1.41Mn steel
Spheroidal inclusions of aluminium oxide in 0.13C-0.28Si-1.41Mn steel
Spinel and Al2O3-CaO-MgO phase in steel
Spinel and alumina inclusions in steel
Spinel and calcium aluminate inclusions in SAE 52100 steel
Spinel cluster in steel
Spinel inclusion in Al-killed steel
Spinel inclusion in constructional steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 1 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 2 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 3 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 4 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 5 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 6 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 7 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusions in 430 stainless steel
Spinel inclusions in SUS430 stainless steel
Spinel inclusions in steel
Spinel inclusions in steel
Stainless-steel corrosion and MnS inclusions
Stepped cluster in steels
Stringer inclusions in 16MnCr5 steel
Sulfide and nitride inclusions in steel
Sulfide and oxide inclusions in AISI 52100 steel
Sulfide and oxide inclusions in stainless steels
Sulfide and silicate inclusions in mild and Armco steels
Sulfide inclusion in fracture surface of carbon steel
Sulfide inclusions Type I, II and III after deoxidation in steel
Sulfide inclusions in 30CrNiMo8 steel
Sulfide inclusions in 40CrMnMoS8-6 steel
Sulfide inclusions in Pb-free machinable ferritic stainless steel
Sulfide inclusions in SAE 4140 steel
Sulfide inclusions in SAE 4140 steel
Sulfide inclusions in carbon steel weldments
Sulfide inclusions in fracture surface of steel
Sulfide inclusions in fracture surface of steels (woddy fracture surface)
Sulfide inclusions in fracture surface of steels (woody fracture surface)
Sulfide inclusions in steel
Sulfide inclusions on the primary grain boundary of the steel
Sulfide types I and II in steel
Sulfide, carbonitride and nitride inclusions in TRIP steel
Sulfide, oxysulfide, nitride inclusions in steel
Sulfides in as-cast steel
Sulfides in fracture surface of steel
Sulfides in free-machining steels
Sulfides in wrought steel
Sulfides in wrought steels
Sulfides type III in steel
TEM extraction replicas of inclusions in high-Cr ferritic stainless steels
The example of inclusion detected by the M.I.D.
The formation process of Al2O3 cluster in ultra low carbon steel
The morphology and compositions of inclusions before deoxidation and after alloy addition in ultra low carbon steel
The surface of a fresh fault of an unused aluminium oxide refractory and an aluminium oxide particle found in the steel sample
Ti oxide and TiN-MnS inclusions in the heat effected zone after a welding
Ti(C,N) particles in S45C steel
Ti-Fe-Nb inclusion in low carbon Nb–Ti microalloyed steel
Ti-rich inclusions and cluster of inclusions in cold-worked type 301 stainless steel
TiN and MnS inclusions in HSLA steel
TiN in tempered steels
TiN inclusions in X12Cr13 steel
TiN inclusions in medium carbon steel
TiN inclusions in steel
TiN inclusions in steel with and without Ca
TiN particles in 30%Ni–19%Cr steel
TiN, CaO x Al2O3, MnS inclusions in ultra-high-strength steel
TiN-MnS, MgAl2O4, CaS-MgAl2O4 inclusions in steel
TiO2 inclusions in AWS E 11018M type electrode
TiS and Ti-rich inclusions in austenitic stainless steel
Titanium carbonitride in Cr-Mo-V-B steel
Titanium carbonitride in Nimonic 80A alloy
Titanium nitride inclusions in steel
Titanium nitride particles on a mold crust
Titanium nitrides in a Ti-stabilized austenitic stainless steel
Titanium oxide inclusions act as nucleus sites for ferrite and create an acicular ferrite structure in steel
Titanium oxide with Al, and MnS in steel with 0.090% C-0.89% Mn
Titanium sulfide inclusions present in an interstitial free steel slab
Transformation of Al2O3 inclusions into FeO x Al2O3 taking place near the melt surface of sample
Two different kinds of typical CaO–MgO–Al2O3 system inclusions in steel
Type 1 and 2 inclusions in ORVAR 2M steel
Type 2 and 4 inclusions in ORVAR 2M steel
Type 2, 3 and 4 inclusions in ORVAR 2M steel
Type 321 stainless steel containing titanium carbonitride blocky inclusions
Type 5 and 6 inclusions in DIEVAR steel
Type 5 inclusion in ORVAR 2M steel
Type 5, 6 and 7 inclusions in ORVAR 2M steel
Type 6 inclusion in steel with 0.50C-7.91Cr-0.39V
Type 6 inclusion, calcium-aluminate with a spinel core surrounded by a thin layer of CaS in Orvar 2M steel
Type 7 inclusion in steel with 0.38C-5.29Cr-0.94V
Type 7 inclusion in steel with 0.38C-5.29Cr-0.94V
Type II manganese sulfides at the centerline of a slab
Type of MnS non-metallic inclusions on fracture surafce
Type-6 inclusion in ORVAR 2M steel
Type-6 inclusion in ORVAR 2M steel
Type-8 inclusion in ORVAR 2M steel
Type-9 inclusion in ORVAR 2M steel
Types of inclusions observed in low carbon steel billet samples
Typical MgO-based inclusions in steel
Typical MgO–Al2O3 system inclusions in steel
Typical SEM images of the "squared" and sharp edge of elongated inclusions in the rolled steel sample on a film filter
Typical alumina clusters in LCAK steel and TiN clusters in stainless steel
Typical bozzle blockage aspect and calcium hexaluminate clogging
Typical complex (Ca, Al, Si, Mn) inclusion in the liquid film and droplets of 1020 ESR electrodes
Typical distribution of inclusions of maraging steel with 1 wt% Ti, 1.5 wt% Ti and 2 wt% Ti
Typical duplex oxide–sulfide inclusion and plate-like MnS in conventional continuous casting silicon steel
Typical duplex oxide–sulfide inclusions and and plate-like MnS particle in conventional continuous casting silicon steel
Typical inclusion in Ca-treated Al-killed steel
Typical inclusion shapes in MCAK, LCSAK and LCAK steels
Typical micro-inclusions in the tundish and billet
Typical non-metallic inclusions observed in the molten steel after reaction with the glazed refractory
Typical nonmetallic inclusion in steel
Typical oxide found in SAE 1050 steel
Typical particle behaviour during early stages of agglomeration of complex cerium oxide alumina inclusions
Typical pore on a cross section of metal sample
Typical slag inclusions in steel ingot
Typical sulfide inclusion (MnS) in steel ingot
Untreated spinel inclusions in aluminium-killed low carbon steel
V(C, N) inclusion in Low C–Mn–V steel
Variation of particle size of Al2O3 and MgO during the dissolution in various CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slags with dissolution time at 1550°C (CSLM images)
Variation of sulfide morphology with time in bearing steel
Widmanstatten MnS platelets formed in continuosly cast steel
X-ray maps for O, Mg, Al Si and Ca of inclusion of the slab sample of stainless steel
X-ray maps for inclusion in 4J43 alloy
X-ray maps for inclusions that consist of Mg, Al and O
X-ray maps of Fe, Al, Si, Ca and Mg of inclusion in liquid low carbon steel sample collected from the tundish
Y2O3, YN, (Al,Mn)O, MnS inclusions in AISI 304 stainless steel
ZRM 192-1 certified reference material for non-metallic inclusions in steel
ZrO2 inclusions in 1.4938 + Zr steel
ZrO2, CeO2 inclusions in low carbon steel
ZrO2, TiN, MnS inclusions in ultra high strength low carbon steel