Non-Metallic Inclusions in Steels

Slag Inclusions

(Si,Ca,Mn,Al)O, (Si,Ca,Al)O, (Si,Mn)O, (Si,Ca,Al)O, (Si,Ca,Mg)O inclusions in tire cord steel
2D diffraction image and XRD patterns of macro-inclusions in steel ingot wth 0.3% C
A big slag inclusion in AISI 1040 steel bar
A cluster partially built up by dendrites in tundish and clusters from clogging material
A ductile iron crankshaft segment essentially free of exogenous inclusions and with numerous exogenous inclusions
A longitudinal section of the immersed nozzle after casting 430 stainless steel deoxidized with Al
A slag spot and sliver defects on a cold-rolled sheet
A slag spot defect on a cold-rolled sheet
A slag spot defect on a cold-rolled sheet
A swollen defect appeared on the deep-drawn product
Absorption of non-metallic inclusions by steelmaking slags
Advanced SEM methodology for tracking reoxidation in the tundish
Al Ca and Zr distributions in an inclusion of a sample extracted from a liquid pool deoxidized with "hypercal"
Al, Ca and Ce distribution in an inclusion of a sample extracted from the liquid pool by a quartz tube containing a RE-wire
Al, Ca, Ce and La distributions in a liquid pool CaSi deoxidized
Al, Ca, Si, Mn, O and S inclusions in HSLA steel
Al-silicate inclusion in 4340 ESR ingot
Al2O3 - Sharp-edged lamelliform non-metallic inclusions
Al2O3 in aluminium killed steel
Al2O3, Al2O3 x CaO inclusions in 316LC stainless steel
Al2O3, Al2O3 x MgO, CaO inclusions in steel
Al2O3, Al2O3 x MgO, MnS inclusions in C45 steel
Al2O3, Al2O3-CaO and complex inclusion in slabs
Al2O3, MnS inclusions in S235 steel
Al2O3, MnS, CA inclusions in ultra low carbon steel
Al2O3-CaS-MgAl2O4 inclusions in electrical steel
Al2O3-MnO-MnS inclusion in bearing steel
Al2O3-MnS inclusions in 1.1201, 1.7139, 1.7225 steels
Al2O3–SiO2–CaO–MnO–MgO–FeO inclusions in silicon-killed SAE 1005 steel
Alpha-Al2O3 (corundum) inclusions in Al deoxidized ESR ingots
Alumina and alumina-calcia inclusions 316LC stainless steel
Alumina clogging deposits in Ti-alloyed ultra-low carbon steel
Alumina galaxies associated with MnS II in an Al deoxidized ESR ingot
Alumina galaxies associated with MnS II in RII-I2 ESR ingot
Alumina inclusion morphologies in steel
Alumina-Spinel-Lime/Alumina in SUJ2 steel
Analysis of heats with no calcium addition in the ladle
Anorthite and galaxite in glassy matrix of calcia-alumina-silica
Anorthite in a synthetic calcia-alumina-silica slag
Aspex images of MnS, alumina, and CA inclusions in steel
Automated SEM/EDX analysis of NMI in steel
Automated inclusion analysis for steel
Automated non-metallic inclusion analysis in LCAK steel
Automated non-metallic inclusion analysis in the three plants
Automatic SEM/EDS analysis of inclusions in 55SiCr6 steel
Automatic analysis of non-metallic inclusions in steel using SEM-EDS
BOF slag
BSE image and elemental mapping of an industrial stainless steel slag
BSE image of a 52CaO-9MgO-39SiO2 slag quenched at 1460 C
BSE image of a more acidic, air cooled 36CaO-36Al2O3-18SiO2-10MgO slag
BSE image of a slag sample containing 1) liquid and spinel, 2) liquid, spinel and SiO2 and 3) eskolaite precipitates
BSE image of a worn magnesia-enriched ceramicall bonded dolomitic brick (F-627-I)
BSE image of an air cooled industrial stainless steel AOD slag
BSE image of an industrial AOD stainless steel slag stabilized with 2 wt% Na2B4O7
BSE image of as-delivered direct-bonded magnesia-chromite refractory brick
BSE image of experimental slag G
BSE image of the experimental slag
BSE image of the experimental slag solidified in air
BSE image of the experimental slag solidified in reducing conditions
BSE image of the hot face of a worn direct-bonded magnesia-chromite refractory
BSE image of the slag stabilized with 1.83 wt% B2O3
BSE image of the slag stabilized with 1.83 wt% B2O3 quenched at 1460 C
BSE images (JEOL 733) of given samples, showing hot faces
BSE images of a worn magnesia-chromite brick from row 13 in a mixed VOD ladle lining
BSE images of a worn pitch-bonded magnesia-carbon brick, schowing the overall brick structure,and silicate-based impurities in grains
BSE images of an as-delivered pitch-bonded magnesia-carbon brick (VST 320-X)
BSE images of as-delivered direct-bonded magnesia-chromite refractory brick
BSE images of deteriorated primary chromite crystals, completely deteriorated, partially reduced, three layers
BSE images of worn ceramically-bonded magnesiadoloma refractories (F-627-I), originating from the VOD ladle slagline
BSE images of worn resin-bonded magnesia-doloma bricks (70-REK-801), originating from the bottom rows of the VOD ladle
BSE micrograph at 15 mm from the hot face of industrially worn rebonded magnesia-chromite refractory brick as recovered from the VOD ladle lining
BSE micrographs of industrially worn magnesia-chromite refractory brick reheated/quenched from 1300°C, 1400°C, 1600°C, 1700°C and 1800°C
Big slag inclusion in 42CrMo4 steel
BloomeryIron – Jamestown, 17th C
CL photomicrographs of glass stones (defects)
CL photomicrographs of synthetic CaO-MgO-SiO2 steel slag
CL photomicrographs of fluidized bed refractories from titanium chlorinating plants
CL photomicrographs of spinel added and spinel forming castable monolithic refractories
CL photomicrographs of submerged entry nozzles (SENs)
CL photomicrographs of tundish veneer and coatings
CSLM image of Al2O3 particle dissolution in various molten slags at 1550°C
CSLM image of MgO particle dissolution in various molten slags at 1550°C
CSLM observation of inclusions (a) at the surface of the CaLCAK steel in the absence of slag and (b) at the interface of the steel and slag
CSLM observation of spherical inclusions on the surface of the (a) solid and the (b) liquid Mn-Si killed steel
Ca inclusions in Ca treated steel
Ca inclusions in aluminum killed steels (LCAK)
Ca inclusions in steel
CaO particle in iron phase surrounded by a CaS product layer in hot metal sample
CaO, Al2O3, MgO and CaS inclusions in ferritic stainless steel
CaO-Al2O3-MgO-SiO2, MnS, ZrO2 inclusions - electrolytic extraction
CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO liquid oxide on MgAl2O4 spinel
CaO·2Al2O3 + MgO, CaO·6Al2O3 + MgO inclusions in 22GYu, 10G2FB, 09GSF steels
CaS and MnS inclusions in steel
CaS, MnS, Al2O3, SiO2, Al2O3-SiO2, Al2O3-MgO, Al2O3-CaO, Na-K inclusions in medium carbon steel
Calcia-alumina-silica matrix in the C3AS3 (3CaO x Al2O3 x 3SiO2)range with merwinite and galaxite
Calcium aluminate and manganese sulfide in the resulphurised steel
Calcium aluminate in 1018S steel
Calcium aluminate in 1018S steel
Calcium aluminate in A529 steel
Calcium aluminate inclusion in 1018S steel
Calcium aluminate/calcium sulfide interfaces of inclusions in CaSi deozidized ESR ingots
Calcium aluminates
Calcium aluminosilicate in 1018S steel
Calcium aluminosilicate in A529 steel
Calcium silicate in A529 steel
Calcium silicates, rankinite and pseudo-wollastonite in a synthetic CaO-SiO2 slag
Calcium-aluminate inclusion from a heavily Al-deoxidized ESR ingot
Calcium-treated inclusions in aluminium-killed low carbon steel
Cast defect in aluminium killed carbon steel
Casting powder, chromite inclusions in rotor steel
Ce inclusions in H13 tool steel
CeO2, CeAlO3, Ce2O2S particles in austenitic manganese steel
Characterization of inclusions
Chemical compositions of the synthetic ladle slags for ORVAR 2M and DIEVAR steel in ladle melts before casting
Comparison of inclusions between ingot casted and ESR/PESR remelted common martensitic stainless steel
Comparison of the glazed refractory samples
Comparison of the glazed refractory samples before and after experiments
Comparison of the solidification pattern of a conventional melting furnace and ESR
Comparison of used methods for non-metallic inclusion analysis
Complex NMI in low alloy steel I
Complex NMI in low alloy steel II
Complex inclusion in type 316L stainless steel
Complex inclusions in runner samples
Complex oxide inclusions in cross-section of glaze-lining sample
Composition maps from an inclusion extracted from a liquid pool deoxidized with "hypercal"
Composition profiles and maps of an inclusion in a sample extracted from a (ESR) liquid pool deoxidized with "hypercal"
Cr-containing spinel particles in an air-cooled ferrochromium slag
Cr2N nitrides in HAZ weld steel
Cristobalite in rhodonite in steel A529
Cross section of Japanese sword
Crystalline anorthite (CAS2), spessartite (Grossularite C3AS3) and galaxite from the slag lining of the ladle
Defects on surface of steel strip rolled from ingot steel sliver, and (c) blisters, and pipe lamination
Detection of NMI in steel by CT
Different inclusions in structural steel I
Dissolution of inclusions into molten slags
Distribution of Sn along/around sulfide particles in steel with Sn and Cu
Distribution of large slag inclusions in a top-poured 5-t ingot
Duplex oxy-sulfide, pure MnS and pure Al2O3 in high-sulphur tool steel ingot
EAF carbon steel slag
EDS line scanning of transferring CaO–MgO–Al2O3 system inclusions in steel
EDS mapping of the EAF slag/ MgAl2O4
EDS mapping of the EAF slag/Chromium containing spinel
EDS mapping of the slag formed during reaction between mullite substrate and molten iron containing oxygen
EDS-Mappings of the first kind of CaO–Al2O3–MgO system typical inclusions in steel
EDS-Mappings of the second kind of CaO–Al2O3–MgO system inclusions in steel
EPMA mapping images of the glazed refractories after chemical reaction with Al-deoxidized and Ca-treated molten steel
ESR slag - Rail steel
Effect of B2O3 additions to a C2S containing slag
Effect of B2O3 additions to a C2S containing slag
Effect of inclusion deformation on linking between adjacent voids
Effect of inclusions on creation and linking of voids during deformation
Effect of ladle slag on inclusion types in alloyed tool steel
Effect of slag composition on inclusion composition
Effect of the contact nature between the gunning materials and steel on the interactions at the interface
Electro slag in the fusion line after welding
Element mapping of a complex oxy-sulfide inclusion in steel
Endogeneous inclusions, slag inclusions, bubble, bubble attached with inclusions on slab-related coil surface
Entrapped particles during steel casting
European Helmet, 18th C
Example of a nozzle free from the non-metallic inclusions and an example of a clogged nozzle
Example of standard scale for amount of slag inclusions - (year 1931)
Examples of different inclusions in steel
Examples of inclusions in steel samples
Examples of surface defects in steels
Exogenous inclusion in a slab sample from a slag tracer study
Exogenous inclusions in deep-drawing steel
FE-SEM/EDS analysis of the oxide layer formed at the vicinity of the metal
Fatigue initiating defects (inclusion stringers, slag,..) in AISI H13 hot work tool steel I
Fatigue initiating defects (inclusion stringers, slag,..) in AISI H13 hot work tool steel II
Fayalite and iron oxide in iron oxide-alumina-silica
Fe2O3, Fe3O4 oxide scale on Cr-Mo steel
FeO-slag particles in Fe-O alloy
FeTiP non-metallic inclusions
Ferroalloys - Impurities
Foaming slag
Formation of MgAl2O4 around MgO particles during the dissolution in the M24 CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slags
Forsterite and spinel in a glassy silicate matrix
Fractions of the number of inclusions with BaO at various process steps
Fractured large furnace slag particle in cold-worked austenitic stainless steel powder
Furnace slag with the particles of chromite
Galvanostatic electrolytic extraction of non-metallic incksions from the steel
Generation of immiscibility gap in alumina-chromia crystals
Glaze (Reaction product of slag and refractory)
Growth of inclusions during secondary metallurgy in steels
Heavy slag inclusions in central zone of bar rolled Steelmaker 4 continous-cast steel
High alumina castables
How clean is your steel?
Hydrothermal treatment of BF slag
Images from the confocal scanning laser microscope, showing the growth of alumina inclusions
Improving the machinability of low carbon free cutting steels
In-situ observation of the formation of MA spinel grains in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag
Inclusion sliver in the longitudinal section of a sheet product and typical pencil blister defect on a steel sheet
Inclusions around bubble shape domain in the ingot steel and in the continuous casting steel
Inclusions before and after ESR process
Inclusions extracted from a Ca-Si-deoxidized ESR ingot by the iodine-methyl acetate-methyl alcohol method I
Inclusions extracted from a Ca-Si-deoxidized ESR ingot by the iodine-methyl acetate-methyl alcohol method II
Inclusions from tundish samples, aggregate and dendritic growth on polyhedral
Inclusions in AISI 1536 steel
Inclusions in AISI 316 steel
Inclusions in AISI H13 steel
Inclusions in MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 system at OLR and LF-IN
Inclusions in SAE 1141 steel
Inclusions in SUS304 stainless steel
Inclusions in ductile cast iron in the canisters
Inclusions in high speed steel powder compacts-furnace slag added
Inclusions in low carbon AISI 316 nuclear grade stainless steel
Inclusions in the railway rail I
Inclusions in the railway rail II
Inclusions in water atomized metal powder-exogenous oxide
Inclusions in water atomized metal powder-exogenous oxide
Inclusions in water atomized metal powder-exogenous oxide
Inclusions in water atomized metal powder-exogenous oxide
Inclusions in water atomized metal powder-exogenous oxide with precipitated sulfide
Inclusions un as extruded stainless steel powder compact-exogenous furnace slag
Inclusion of spinel, calcium aluminate in slag of 803J bearing steel
Indigenous and exogenous inclusions in a slab sample from a magnesium treated heat
Indigenous and exogenous inclusions in steel
Indogenous slag in a Roman nail
Indogenous slag in wrought iron
Influence of calcium treatment on the type of inclusions formed and its relationship with nozzle clogging
Influence of inclusions modification on nozzle clogging
Iron oxide and slag inclusions in the crack in 1.2312 steel
JEOL Superprobe images of the inner core of a (hot face) primary chromite crystal showing small metal-like particles
Japanese Helmet, 17th C
Laboratory trials Ladle glaze formation - MgO-rod immersion
Ladle side-wall build-up
Lancashire slag
Lancashire slag
Large slag line in 1.5919 steel
Line scans and X-ray mapping data for industrially worn rebonded magnesia-chromite refractory, quenched from 1800°C
Line shell defects on stainless flat-rolled product from ingot
Liquid Steel Sampling (Lollipop, Björneborg)
Macro inclusion in stainless steel casting
Macro inclusions in 70 t 12Cr2Mo1 steel ingot
Macro inclusions in flange of the plug in module of LHC magnet interconnection
Macro non-metallic inclusions in steel slab
Macro slag inclusion in 51CrV4 steel
Macro slag inclusion in AISI S7 steel
Macro slag inclusion in St52-3N steel
Macro slag inclusion in carbon steel
Macro slag inclusion in carbon steel
Macro-inclusions in steel ingot wth 0.3% C
Manganosite
Mapping images of a calcium aluminate inclusion bearing a spinel island
Mapping of inclusions Type 6 and 7 in ORVAR 2M steel
Mg-Al- Ce-O type inclusion in steel
Mg-spinel in calcium aluminate
MgO x Al2O3 inclusion od the strip surface of stainless steel
MgO x Al2O3 spinel formed in the slag/metal interface of SUJ2 steel
MgO, Al2O3, CaO, CaS inclusions in ultra low carbon steel
MgO, Al2O3, CaO, CaS, MnS inclusions in steel - Automatic NMI analysis
MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, Cr2O3, MnO, FeO oxides in EAF slag
MgO-Al2O3-CaS inclusions in 44MnSiVS6 steel
MgS/MgO particle in hot metal sample
Microstructure of AOD slag A
Microstructure of EAF slag B and C
Microstructure of manganosite in equilibrium with liquid oxide
Microstructure of manganosite in equilibrium with spinel
Microstructure of pyrophanite in equilibrium with pseudobrookite
Microstructure of rutile in equilibrium with liquid oxide
MnO slag in steel
MnO x SiO2 x Al2O3 inclusion in high carbon wire rod steel
MnO-SiO2, MnO-Cr2O3 inclusions in AISI 304 stainless steel
MnO-rich inclusions in Orvar 2M steel
MnS and Ca-Si-Ti-Al inclusions in AISI 316 steel
MnS and spinel inclusions in steel
MnS inclusions in grade-X steel
MnS inclusions in steel with Sn I
MnS inclusions in steel with Sn and Cu II
MnS inclusions in steel with Sn and Cu III
MnS inclusions in steel with Sn and Cu IV
MnS, Al2O3 x CaO inclusions in steel of San Francisco-Oakland Bay bridge
MnS, Al2O3, nitride inclusions in G42CrMo4 cast steel
Modification of inclusion morphology with respect to calcium reaction time
Mould powders
Mould slag in steel
Mould-steel interface in the continuous casting of steel
Mullite in synthetic slag
Multiphase (relatively grown) inclusions in a 1020 ESR electrode
NMI in 415-ton forged backup roll
NMI in Co-free low-Ni maraging steel
NMI in ESR AISI H11 hot work tool steel
NMI in Ni-based alloy 825
NMI in SAE 4145 steel
NMI in electrical steel
NMI in ferroalloy FeTi70R
NMI in ferroalloys and steel samples - Sample preparation
NMI in high-speeed steels (I10CR8DV, I8CR10D)
NMI in steel from Ternium Siderar
NMI in structural steel
NMI in vacuum degassed 38MnS6 steel
NMI on the barrel roll surface
NMI's in high manganese TWIP steels
NMIs classification
Nitride inclusions in steel
Non-metallic inclusion analysis from AOD to centrifugal casting
Non-metallic inclusions in 1.0601 steel
Non-metallic inclusions in 1.4016 steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in 1.4301 steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in 1.4512 steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in 30MnVS6 steel
Non-metallic inclusions in H13 steel
Non-metallic inclusions in HCFeCr alloy
Non-metallic inclusions in LCFeCr alloy
Non-metallic inclusions in Mirrax steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in Nimax steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in Orvar 2M steel during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in REM treated stainless steels
Non-metallic inclusions in Ultra low carbon steel and IF steels
Non-metallic inclusions in clean steels
Non-metallic inclusions in fracture surfaces of cast steel
Non-metallic inclusions in high chromium steel slab
Non-metallic inclusions in high-silicon non-calcium treated (HSiNC) stainless steels
Non-metallic inclusions in line pipe steel
Non-metallic inclusions in low carbon steel
Non-metallic inclusions in nitriding steel
Non-metallic inclusions in stainless steel
Non-metallic inclusions in stainless steels
Non-metallic inclusions in steels
Non-metallic inclusions in teel grade A - SSAB during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in teel grade B - SSAB during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in teel grade C - SSAB during ladle treatment
Non-metallic inclusions in the surface of a casting
Open-hearth slag
Open-hearth slag
Open-hearth slag
Optical micrographs and corresponding XRD pattern (white crystals) of EAF
Other complex oxides in steel
Overview of the inclusions found near the surface of the final sample
Oxide and slag in 41CrAlNi7 steel
Oxide and sulfide inclusions in ESR ingot
Oxide inclusions in AISI 4335 steel
Oxide inclusions in LCAK steel
Oxide inclusions in ORVAR SUPREME steel
Oxide inclusions in PM forged steel
Oxide inclusions in large ESR ingot
Oxide inclusions in low carbon steel - Calcium treatment
Oxide inclusions in pipeline steel
Oxide inclusions in steel
Oxide inclusions in ultrahigh strength AISI 4340, 65Si2MnWE, Aermet 100, 60Si2CrVA steels
Oxide layer at the MgO-C/steel interface
Oxysulfides, sulfides inclusions in 18CrNi8 steel
Palm House, Kew Gardens –19th C
Phases in refractory materials
Phases in stainless steel slag
Phases of MgO, 2CaO x SiO2 and 3CaO x Al2O3 in slag
Photo images of glazed refractories after chemical reaction with Al-deoxidized and Ca-treated molten steel
Piece of clogging deposit
Pure MgO inclusion in constructional steel
RE inclusions in low and high carbon steels
RE inclusions in steel
Rare earth inclusion in the steel with the rare earth elements
Roman Nail, Broken Below Head -Vicenza, Italy
Round duplex inclusions in steel
SEM examination of the flange crack on D & I can, showing a calcium aluminate inclusion
SEM image and EPMA analysis of Al2O3 particle dissolution in various molten slags at 1550°C
SEM image and EPMA analysis of MgO particle dissolution in various molten slags at 1550°C
SEM image of accretion in Al deoxidized 430 steel
SEM images for the glazed refractories after chemical reaction with Al-deoxidized and Ca-treated molten steel
SEM images of the glazed refractory after chemical reaction with Al-deoxidized and Ca-treated molten steel (1 min reaction)
SEM images of the glazed refractory after chemical reaction with Al-deoxidized and Ca-treated molten steel (30 min reaction)
SEM images of the glazed refractory after chemical reaction with Al-deoxidized and Ca-treated molten steel (5 min reaction)
SEM micrographs (surface) of A) EAF 1, 0 month sample B) EAF 1, 24 month sample
SEM micrographs of virgin and industrially worn rebonded magnesia-chromite refractory brick reheated/cooled from 1750°C
SEM observation of (a) inclusion particle at the surface of the steel without slag and (b) a inclusion particle at the interface of the steel and slag
SEM observation of alumina inclusions at the interface of the steel and slag
SEM picture and mapping results of glazed refractory sample
SEM picture of MgO dipped in slag showing FeO x MgO surrounding MgO
SEM picture of MgO showing slag penetration into the particle
SEM picture of dolomite dipped into slag showing no slag penetration and CaO being leached away
SEM picture showing MgO grains from dolomite dissolving in slag
SEM pictures of glazed refractory samples
SEM-BSE image of a worn MgO-C brick from the ladle slag lining
Sampling of liquid steel
Sand grain inclusions in grey cast iron II
Sand inclusion in grey iron casting
Scanning electron micrograph and accompanied mapping of the rapidly cooled BOF slag
Scanning electron micrograph and accompanied mapping of the rapidly cooled EAF slag
Scanning electron micrograph and accompanied mapping of the semi-rapidly cooled BOF slag
Scanning electron micrograph and accompanied mapping of the semi-rapidly cooled EAF slag
Scanning electron micrograph and accompanied mapping of the semi-rapidly cooled EAF slag
Scanning electron micrograph of rapidly cooled EAF slag
Scanning electron micrograph of rapidly cooled ladle slag
Scanning electron micrograph of the rapidly cooled BOF slag
Scanning electron micrograph of the semi-rapidly cooled BOF slag
Schematic diagram for dissolution mechanism of MgO and Al2O3 in molten slags
Schematic images of sulfides and oxides in steel after casting and rolling
Schematics of modification of spinel crystals in the slag-type inclusions by addition of fluorine
Secondary dendrite arm spacing measured in 1800-mm outer diameter ESR ingot
Segregated material in an Al-deoxidized ESR ingot
Sequence of CSLM images of the long-distance attraction between an agglomerate and a small inclusion on the surface the steel during melting
Shape different Al2O3 inclusions in LCAK steel
Sharpened slag line in 1.8519 steel
Silicate slag in a cross-section of a RMS Titanic hull rivet
Silicate slag inclusions in rolled steel
Single phase inclusions in partially and fully molten regions in a 1020 ESR electrode tip
Single phase inclusions in partially and fully molten regions in a 1020 ESR electrode tip
Slag and iron oxide in 41CrAlNi7 steel
Slag and iron oxide in 41CrAlNi7 steel
Slag cluster in grey cast iron
Slag formation and blockage of the argon channel
Slag from different iron oxides from oxide scale
Slag in a fractured 17th C Japanese helmut
Slag in blow-hole
Slag in iron
Slag inclusion in 1.3302 steel
Slag inclusion in 1.3343 steel
Slag inclusion in 1.7225 steel
Slag inclusion in 10CrMo9-10 steel
Slag inclusion in 142W13 steel
Slag inclusion in 20Mn6 steel
Slag inclusion in 30CrNiMo8 steel
Slag inclusion in 40CrMnMo7 steel
Slag inclusion in 40CrMnMoS8-6 steel
Slag inclusion in 40CrMnMoS8-6 steel
Slag inclusion in 50CrMoV13-1 steel
Slag inclusion in 86CrMoV7 steel
Slag inclusion in 90MnCrV8 steel
Slag inclusion in 9SMn28 steel
Slag inclusion in AISI A2 steel
Slag inclusion in AISI D2 Steel
Slag inclusion in AISI D2 Steel
Slag inclusion in AISI D2 steel
Slag inclusion in AISI D2 steel
Slag inclusion in AISI D3 steel
Slag inclusion in AISI H13 steel
Slag inclusion in AISI O2 steel
Slag inclusion in AISI T42 steel
Slag inclusion in Ck45 steel
Slag inclusion in M2 steel
Slag inclusion in X100CrMoV5 steel
Slag inclusion in X12CrS13 steel
Slag inclusion in X19NiCrMo4 steel
Slag inclusion in X20Cr13 steel
Slag inclusion in X20Cr13 steel
Slag inclusion in X20Cr13 steel
Slag inclusion in X38CrMoV5-1 steel
Slag inclusion in X40CrMoV51 steel
Slag inclusion in X5CrNiCuNb16-4 steel
Slag inclusion in alloyed carbon steel
Slag inclusion in high speed steel 1.53C-4.90Cr-6.50V-4.90Co
Slag inclusion in steel
Slag inclusion in steel Mat. No. 1.3346
Slag inclusion in steel X46Cr13 steel
Slag inclusions and oxide film in ductile cast iron in the canisters
Slag inclusions in 40CrMnMoS8-6 steel
Slag inclusions in GX2CrNiMo18-14-3 cast steel
Slag inclusions in GX3CrNiMoN17-13-5 cast steel
Slag inclusions in X12Cr13 steel
Slag inclusions in X19NiCrMo4 steel
Slag inclusions in basic Bessemer steel
Slag inclusions in ladle steel extracted by Slime method
Slag inclusions in refractory
Slag inclusions in rolled steel
Slag inclusions in wrought iron
Slag line in forged steel
Slag particle in rolled steel
Slag particle in steel
Slag particles in Fe-O alloy
Slag particles in puddled steel
Slag sample showing Sn veins
Slag samples from the 60 tons EAF furnace
Slag spots on a cold-rolled sheet
Slag stringers in forged wrought steel
Slag under the surface in 1.4105 steel
Slag under the surface in 1.4301 steel
Slag under the surface in 1.7707 steel
Slags and titanium carbides in 1.4872 steel
Some examples of alumina inclusions in steel
Source of the macro inclusions in the ingot bottom teeming system
Spherical calcium aluminate (core) with (peripheral) sulfide phases in CaSi deoxidized ESR ingots
Spherical inclusion in constructional steel
Spherical inclusion in constructional steel
Spherical silicate slag grains
Spinel and Al2O3-CaO-MgO phase in steel
Spinel and calcium aluminate inclusions in SAE 52100 steel
Spinel inclusion in Al-killed steel
Spinel inclusion in constructional steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 1 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 2 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 3 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 4 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 5 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 6 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusion in steel sample No. 7 of 42CrMo alloyed structural steel
Spinel inclusions in 430 stainless steel
Spinel inclusions in 430 stainless steel
Spinel inclusions in SUS430 stainless steel
Spinel inclusions in steel
Spinel inclusions in type 304 stainless steel
Spinel phase in super cooled oxide solution of slag sample
Steel compositions, dissolved oxygen contents and temperatures of ORVAR 2M steel melts before deoxidation
Steel infiltration in resin-bonded magnesia-doloma bricks (70-REK-801) applied in the bottom rows of the VOD ladle
Steelmaking slag
Strong slag line in 1.3520 steel
Strong slag line in 1.4718 steel
Sulfide and oxide inclusions in stainless steels
Sulfide inclusions Type I, II and III after deoxidation in steel
Sulfides and slag in wrought iron
Sulfides, oxides and oxisulphides in cast steel
Synthetic slag
Synthetic slag - Hercynite
The SEM/EDS elemental mapping of the hot face at the MgO–C surface after the test with Slag C
The hot face obtained from the test of the Al2O3–C refractory with slag 1
The hot face obtained from the test of the Al2O3–C refractory with slag A
The hot face obtained from the test of the Al2O3–C refractory with slag B
The hot face obtained from the test of the Al2O3–C refractory with slag C
The hot face obtained from the test of the MgO–C refractory with slag B
The hot face obtained from the test of the MgO–C refractory with slag C
The hot face obtained from the test of the ZrO2–C refractory with slag B
The hot face obtained from the test of the ZrO2–C refractory with slag C
The inner surface of the SEN
The photomicrograph of the glaze sample
The surface of a fresh fault of an unused aluminium oxide refractory and an aluminium oxide particle found in the steel sample
The cross section of a sample taken in the slag line of 803J bearing steel
Thick white oxide deposit in the inner of the SEN
Traces of slag on the fracture surface in AISI D2 steel
Transmission electron micrograph and diffraction pattern of monoclinic Ti4O7 particle from melt containing 0.001 mass% Ti
Transmission electron micrograph and diffraction patterns of cubic TiO particle from melt containing 1.23 mass% Ti
Transmission electron micrograph and diffraction patterns of cubic TiO particle from melt containing 1.38 mass% Ti
Transmission electron micrograph and diffraction patterns of monoclinic gamma-Ti3O5 particle from melt containing 0.015 mass% Ti
Transmission electron micrograph and diffractionpatterns of rhombohedral Ti2O3 particle from melt containing 0.164 mass% Ti
Two different kinds of typical CaO–MgO–Al2O3 system inclusions in steel
Type 1 and 2 inclusions in ORVAR 2M steel
Type 2 and 4 inclusions in ORVAR 2M steel
Type 2, 3 and 4 inclusions in ORVAR 2M steel
Type 5 and 6 inclusions in DIEVAR steel
Type 5 inclusion in ORVAR 2M steel
Type 5, 6 and 7 inclusions in ORVAR 2M steel
Type 6 inclusion in steel with 0.50C-7.91Cr-0.39V
Type 7 inclusion in steel with 0.38C-5.29Cr-0.94V
Type 7 inclusion in steel with 0.38C-5.29Cr-0.94V
Type 8 inclusion in steel with 0.38C-5.29Cr-0.94V
Type-8 inclusion in ORVAR 2M steel
Types A and B observed in the steel samples od ORVAR 2M before uphill casting
Typical MgO-based inclusions in steel
Typical MgO–Al2O3 system inclusions in steel
Typical complex (Ca, Al, Si, Mn) inclusion in the liquid film and droplets of 1020 ESR electrodes
Typical exogenous inclusions in steel
Typical inclusions extracted by Slimes from steel samples of the ladle, tundish and slab in Baosteel
Typical inclusions observed by microscope in the ladle, tundish, mold, and slab in Baosteel
Typical inclusions of singular spinel and spinel precipitated in silicate inclusion
Typical non-metallic inclusions observed in the molten steel after reaction with the glazed refractory
Typical slag inclusions in steel ingot
Typical spherical and irregular particles found in MCP (Metal-Cap-Protected) samples
Untreated spinel inclusions in aluminium-killed low carbon steel
Variation of particle size of Al2O3 and MgO during the dissolution in various CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slags with dissolution time at 1550°C (CSLM images)
Water-solubility of various oxides and sulphides I
Water-solubility of various oxides and sulphides II
X-ray images of MgO-C refractory/slag interface
X-ray images of MgO-C refractory/slag interface
X-ray images of doloma-carbon refractory/slag interface
X-ray images of magnesia/doloma refractory/slag interface
X-ray maps for inclusions that consist of Mg, Al and O
X-ray maps of inclusions in ductile cast iron in the canisters
XRD analysis of slow cooled Fe-Ti samples
XRD pattern of the reference slag
Zirconia graphite (ZrO2-C) submerged entry nozzle (SEN)